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| 1 | Field-observation for an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy consisted of twelve gliders and sixty-two expendable probes in the northern South China Sea during summer 2017显示文摘An intensive field observation experiment using 12 Chinese gliders equipped with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensors and 62 expendable CTD probes (XCTDs) was performed to investigate the 3-D structure and time evolution of an anticyclonic eddy in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The observed results showed that the anticyclonic eddy had a horizontal radius of about 80 km at surface and a vertical depth of impact of more than 1000 m. The largest temperature and salinity anomalies compared with the averaged values of the temperature and salinity profiles were 3.5°C and 0.4 psu at 120 m depth, respectively. Combined analysis of altimeter sea level and water mass properties indicated that the anticyclonic eddy was shed from the Kuroshio loop current. The vertical axis of the anticyclonic eddy tilted from surface to the observed maximum depth (1000 m) along its translation direction against the 2000 m isobath. The center of the anticyclonic eddy remained in the region east of Dongsha Island for more than half a month. During this time, the long axis direction of the eddy changed from across the slope to along the slope. Then, the eddy moved southward along the 2000 m isobaths. Both the geostrophic current and temperature distribution revealed that the eddy intensity weakened during the observation period gradually. These observations indicated strong interaction between the anticyclonic eddy and the slope topography of Dongsha Island. | Yeqiang SHU Ju CHEN Shuo LI Qiang WANG Jiancheng YU Dongxiao WANG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，2： | 19 |
| 2 | Progress on shelf and slope circulation in the northern South China Sea显示文摘Influenced by the seasonally reversed monsoons, water exchange through straits, and topography, the shelf and slope circulation in the northern South China Sea(NSCS) is complex and changeable. The typical current system in the NSCS consists of the slope current, South China Sea warm current(SCSWC), coastal current, and associated upwelling(in summer) and downwelling(in winter). This paper reviews recent advances in the study of NSCS shelf and slope circulation since the 1990 s,and summarizes the roles of Kuroshio intrusion, the monsoons, topography, and the buoyancy effect of the Pearl River plume in the shelf and slope current system of the NSCS. We also point out some potential scientific issues that require further study, such as the dynamic connection between the internal basin and shelf areas of the NSCS, the persistence of the SCSWC in winter, the temporo-spatial characteristics of downwelling during winter in the NSCS, and its material and energy transport. | Yeqiang SHU Qiang WANG Tingting ZU | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，5： | 11 |
| 3 | Hydrographic field investigations in the Northern South China Sea by open cruises during 2004-2013显示文摘 | Lili Zeng Qiang Wang Qiang Xie Ping Shi Lei Yang Yeqiang Shu Ju Chen Dandan Sui Yunkai He Rongyu Chen Dongxiao Wang | 2015 | Science Bulletin2015，60，6： | 10 |
| 4 | Progress of regional oceanography study associated with western boundary current in the South China Sea显示文摘Recent progress of physical oceanography in the South China Sea (SCS) associated with the western boundary current (WBC) and eddies is reviewed in this paper. It includes Argo observations of the WBC, eddy detection in the WBC based on satellite images, cross-continental shelf exchange in the WBC, eddy-current interaction, interannual variability of the WBC, air-sea interaction, the SCS throughflow (SCSTF), among others. The WBC in the SCS is strong, and its structure, variability and dynamic processes on seasonal and interannual time scales are yet to be fully understood. In this paper, we summarize progresses on the variability of the WBC, eddy-current interaction, air-sea interaction, and the SCSTF achieved in the past few years. Firstly, using the drifting buoy observations, we point out that the WBC becomes stronger and narrower after it reaches the central Vietnam coast. The possible mechanisms influencing the ocean circulation in the northern SCS are discussed, and the dynamic mechanisms that induce the countercurrent in the region of northern branch of WBC in winter are also studied quantitatively using momentum balance. The geostropic component of the WBC was diagnosed using the ship observation along 18°N, and we found that the WBC changed significantly on interannual time scale. Secondly, using the ship observations, two anti-cyclonic eddies in the winter of 2003/2004 in the northern SCS, and three anti-cyclonic eddies in the summer of 2007 along 18°N were studied. The results show that the two anti-cyclonic eddies can propagate southwestward along the continental shelf at the speed of first Rossby wave (~0.1 ms-1 ) in winter, and the interaction between the three anti-cyclonic eddies in summer and the WBC in the SCS is preliminarily revealed. Eddies on the continental shelf of northern SCS propagated southeastward with a maximum speed of 0.09 ms-1 , and those to the east of Vietnam coast had the largest kinetic energy, both of which imply strong interaction between eddy activity and WBC in the SCS. Thirdly, strong intraseasonal variability (ISV) of sea surface temperature (SST) near the WBC regions was found, and the ISV signal of SST in winter weakens the ISV signal of latent heat flux by 20%. Fourthly, the long-term change of SCSTF volume transport and its connection with the ocean circulation in the Pacific were discussed. | WANG DongXiao LIU QinYan XIE Qiang HE ZhiGang ZHUANG Wei SHU YeQiang XIAO XianJun HONG Bo WU XiangYu SUI DanDan | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，11： | 10 |
| 5 | Advances in research of the mid-deep South China Sea circulation显示文摘The South China Sea(SCS)is a large marginal sea connecting the Indian and Pacific oceans.Under the factors of monsoons,strait transport,and varied bathymetry,the SCS presents a three-layer structure and strong diapycnal mixing which is far greater than that in the open ocean.Theoretical analysis and observations reveal that internal tides,internal solitary waves,and strong winds are the sources of the strong mixing in the northern SCS.A major consequence of the strong mixing is an active mid-deep circulation system.This system promotes exchange of water between the SCS and adjacent oceans,and also regulates the upper layer of wind-driven circulation,making the 3 dimensional SCS circulation clearly different from that in other tropical and subtropical marginal seas.The mass transport capacity of the mid-deep circulation has a substantial impact on marine sedimentation,the biogeochemical cycle,and other processes in the SCS.This paper summarizes the recent advances in middeep sea circulation dynamics of the SCS,and discusses the opportunities and challenges in this area. | Dongxiao WANG Qiang WANG Shuqun CAI Xiaodong SHANG Shiqiu PENG Yeqiang SHU Jingen XIAO Xiaohui XIE Zhiwei ZHANG Zhiqiang LIU Jian LAN Dake CHEN Huijie XUE Guihua WANG Jianping GAN Xinong XIE Rui ZHANG Hui CHEN Qingxuan YANG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，12： | 8 |
| 6 | Progress on deep circulation and meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea显示文摘The deep overflow through the Luzon Strait drives the cyclonic deep circulation in the South China Sea(SCS). In the mean time, the intruding Pacific deep water transforms and upwells due to enhanced diapycnal mixing in the SCS. Both processes greatly contribute to the SCS meridional overturning circulation(SCSMOC). At the same time, both the deep circulation and meridional overturning circulation are modulated by rough topography in the SCS. Furthermore, the spatial structure of the SCSMOC infers a link between the upper-layer circulation and deep circulation in the SCS. This paper reviews recent advances in the SCS deep circulation and meridional overturning circulation, including the driving mechanism of the SCS deep circulation and its modulation by topography, as well as the spatial structure of the SCSMOC and its dynamical mechanism. | WANG DongXiao XIAO JinGen SHU YeQiang XIE Qiang CHEN Ju WANG Qiang | 2016 | Science China Earth Sciences2016，59，9： | 6 |
| 7 | Contrasting dynamic characteristics of shear turbulence and Langmuir circulation in the surface mixed layer显示文摘Large eddy simulation(LES) is used to investigate contrasting dynamic characteristics of shear turbulence(ST)and Langmuir circulation(LC) in the surface mixed layer(SML). ST is usually induced by wind forcing in SML. LC can be driven by wave-current interaction that includes the roles of wind, wave and vortex forcing. The LES results show that LC suppresses the horizontal velocity and greatly modifies the downwind velocity profile, but increases the vertical velocity. The strong downwelling jets of LC accelerate and increase the downward transport of energy as compared to ST. The vertical eddy viscosity Km of LC is much larger than that of ST. Strong mixing induced by LC has two locations. They are located in the 2ds–3ds(Stokes depth scale) and the lower layer of the SML,respectively. Its value and position change periodically with time. In contrast, maximum Km induced by ST is located in the middle depth of the SML. The turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) generated by LC is larger than that by ST. The differences in vertical distributions of TKE and Km are evident. Therefore, the parameterization of LC cannot be solely based on TKE. For deep SML, the convection of large-scale eddies in LC plays a main role in downward transport of energy and LC can induce stronger velocity shear(S2) near the SML base. In addition, the large-scale eddies and S2 induced by LC is changing all the time, which needs to be fully considered in the parameterization of LC. | LI Guojing WANG Dongxiao CHEN Ju YAO Jinglong ZENG Lili SHU Yeqiang SUI Dandan | 2015 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2015，34，5： | 2 |
| 8 | Origin of the springtime South China Sea Warm Current in the southwestern Taiwan Strait: Evidence from seawater oxygen isotope显示文摘Oxygen isotope(δ^18O)of seawater is an excellent proxy for tracing the origins of water masses and their mixing processes.Combining with hydrographic observation,hybrid coordinate ocean model(HYCOM)analysis data,and seawater oxygen isotope,we investigated the source of the South China Sea Warm Current(SCSWC)in the southwestern Taiwan Strait and its underlying mechanism.Results show that the Kuroshio subsurface water(KSSW)can intrude the continental slope in the southwestern Taiwan Strait,and thereby climb up the continental slope coupled with upwelling.Theδ^18O-salinity relationship further indicates that in spring,the SCSWC in the southwestern Taiwan Strait originates from the upslope deflection of the slope current formed by the KSSW intrusion into the South China Sea,rather than from the west segment of the SCSWC formed to the east of Hainan Island.In addition,the southward flowing Zhe-Min Coastal Current(ZMCC)can reach as far as the Taiwan Bank(TB)and deflects offshore over the western TB at approximately 23.5°N,to some extent affecting the SCSWC.Moreover,this study reveals that seawaterδ^18O is exquisitely sensitive to the determination of the origin and transport of water masses as compared with traditional potential temperature-salinity plot(θ-S)and HYCOM analysis data.In addition,their coupling can more reliably interpret the mixing processes of shelf water masses. | Dongyu CHEN Ergang LIAN Yeqiang SHU Shouye YANG Yalong LI Chao LI Pengfei LIU Ni SU | 2020 | Science China Earth Sciences2020，63，10： | 2 |
| 9 | Formation of an anticyclonic eddy and the mechanism involved: a case study using cruise data from the northern South China Sea显示文摘Data from satellite altimetry and in situ observations together with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) reanalysis data were used to investigate the mechanism and formation of an anticyclonic eddy in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS). Analysis of water mass using cruise data indicated that the water captured in the eddy diff ers from those in the SCS, the Kuroshio intrusion, and the eddy-forming region. Data from sea surface height (SSH) and sea level anomaly (SLA) indicate that the eddy formed due both to the Kuroshio intrusion and the local circulation in the SCS. The Kuroshio intrusion is present at the start of the eddy growth (March 5-9) before Kuroshio leaps the Luzon Strait. The eddy then becomes larger and stronger in the absence of the Kuroshio intrusion. From the eddy budget of the HYCOM reanalysis data, the formation of the eddy goes in three steps. By the third step, the eddy had become aff ected by variations of local SCS circulation, which is more strongly than in the fi rst step in which it is aff ected more by the Kuroshio intrusion. The variability of the temperature and salinity inside the eddy provide a support to this conclusion. The water in the SCS intruded into the eddy from the southeast, which decrease the salinity gradually in the southern part of the eddy during the growth period. | HOU Huaqian XIE Qiang XUE Huijie SHU Yeqiang NAN Feng YIN Yuqi YU Fei | 2019 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2019，37，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Relative contributions of local wind and topography to thecoastal upwelling intensity in the northern South ChinaSea 显示文摘 | WANG DONGXIAO SHU YEQIANG XUE HUIJIE 2014 | 2014 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans2014，119，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Assimilating temperature and salinity profiles using Ensemble Kalman Filter with an adaptive observation error and T-S constraint显示文摘Temperature(T) and salinity(S) profiles from conductivity-temperature-depth data collected during the Northern South China Sea Open Cruise from August 16 to September 13, 2008 are assimilated using Ensemble Kalman Filter(En KF). An adaptive observational error strategy is used to prevent filter from diverging. In the meantime, aiming at the limited improvement in some sites caused by the T and S biases in the model, a T-S constraint scheme is adopted to improve the assimilation performance, where T and S are separately updated at these locations. Validation is performed by comparing assimilated outputs with independent in situ data(satellite remote sensing sea level anomaly(SLA), the OSCAR velocity product and shipboard ADCP). The results show that the new En KF assimilation scheme can significantly reduce the root mean square error(RMSE) of oceanic T and S compared with the control run and traditional En KF. The system can also improve the simulation of circulations and SLA. | LIU Danian SHI Ping SHU Yeqiang YAO Jinglong WANG Dongxiao SUN Lu | 2016 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2016，35，1： | 1 |
| 12 | The impact of ocean data assimilation on seasonal predictions based on the National Climate Center climate system model显示文摘An ensemble optimal interpolation(EnOI)data assimilation method is applied in the BCCCSM1.1 to investigate the impact of ocean data assimilations on seasonal forecasts in an idealized twin experiment framework.Pseudoobservations of sea surface temperature(SST),sea surface height(SSH),sea surface salinity(SSS),temperature and salinity(T/S)profiles were first generated in a free model run.Then,a series of sensitivity tests initialized with predefined bias were conducted for a one-year period;this involved a free run(CTR)and seven assimilation runs.These tests allowed us to check the analysis field accuracy against the'truth'.As expected,data assimilation improved all investigated quantities;the joint assimilation of all variables gave more improved results than assimilating them separately.One-year predictions initialized from the seven runs and CTR were then conducted and compared.The forecasts initialized from joint assimilation of surface data produced comparable SST root mean square errors to that from assimilation of T/S profiles,but the assimilation of T/S profiles is crucial to reduce subsurface deficiencies.The ocean surface currents in the tropics were better predicted when initial conditions produced by assimilating T/S profiles,while surface data assimilation became more important at higher latitudes,particularly near the western boundary currents.The predictions of ocean heat content and mixed layer depth are significantly improved initialized from the joint assimilation of all the variables.Finally,a central Pacific El Ni?o was well predicted from the joint assimilation of surface data,indicating the importance of joint assimilation of SST,SSH,and SSS for ENSO predictions. | Wei Zhou Jinghui Li Fanghua Xu Yeqiang Shu Yang Feng | 2021 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2021，40，5： | 1 |
| 13 | The 4-D structure of upwelling and Pearl River plume in the northern South China Sea during summer 2008 revealed by a data assimilation model显示文摘 | SHU YEQIANG WANG DONGXIAO ZHU JIANG | 2011 | Ocean Model2011，36，： | 1 |
| 14 | Performance of four sea surface temperature assimilation schemes in the South China Sea显示文摘 | SHU YEQIANG ZHU JIANG WANG DONGXIAO | 2009 | Cont Shelf Res2009，29，1112： | 1 |
| 15 | Performance of four sea surface temperature assimilation schemes in the South China Sea显示文摘 | Shu Yeqiang Zhu Jiang Wang Dongxiao | 2009 | Con tinental Shelf Research2009，29，： | 1 |
| 16 | Comparison of summer chlorophyll a concentration in the South China Sea and the Arabian Sea using remote sensing data显示文摘The South China Sea(SCS) and the Arabian Sea(AS) are both located roughly in the north tropical zone with a range of similar latitude(0°–24°N). Monsoon winds play similar roles in the upper oceanic circulations of the both seas. But the distinct patterns of chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration are observed between the SCS and the AS.The Chl a concentration in the SCS is generally lower than that in the AS in summer(June–August); the summer Chl a concentration in the AS shows stronger interannual variation, compared with that in the SCS; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)-derived data present higher atmospheric aerosol deposition and stronger wind speed in the AS. And it has also been found that good correlations exist between the index of the dust precipitation indicated by aerosol optical thickness(AOT) and the Chl a concentration, or between wind and Chl a concentration. These imply that the wind and the dust precipitation bring more nutrients into the AS from the sky, the sub-layer or coast regions, inducing higher Chl a concentration. The results indicate that the wind velocity and the dust precipitation can play important roles in the Chl a concentration for the AS and the SCS in summer. However aerosol impact is weak on the biological productivity in the west SCS and wind-induced upwelling is the main source. | YAO Jinglong YANG Lei SHU Yeqiang ZENG Lili SHI Rui CHEN Ju ZU Tingting CHEN Chuqun | 2017 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2017，36，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Observation system simulation experiments using an ensemble-based method in the northeastern South China Sea显示文摘An ensemble-based method for the observation system simulation experiment(OSSE)is employed to design optimal observation stations and assess the present observation stations in the northeastern South China Sea(SCS).We employed the 20-year(1992-2012)sea surface height(SSH)data to design an array to monitor the intraseasonal to interannual variability.The results show that the most key region was found located at the northwest of Luzon Island(LI)where the energetic Luzon cyclonic gyre(LCG)occurs;other key regions include the edge of the LCG,the northwest of the Luzon Strait(LS),and the southwest of Taiwan,China.By contrast,we found that the present observation stations might oversample at the northwest of the LS and undersample at the northwest of LI.In addition,the optimal stations perform better in a larger area than the present stations.In vertical direction,the key layer is located within the upper 200-m depth,of which the surface and subsurface layers are most valuable to the observing system. | GENG Wu CHENG Feng XIE Qiang ZOU Xiaoli HE Weihong WANG Zhaozheng SHU Yeqiang CHEN Gengxin LIU Danian YE Dong WANG Ruiwen LIU Chuanyu | 2020 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2020，38，6： | 0 |
| 18 | Variation in concentration of dissolved silicate in the Eastern Philippine deep sea显示文摘Upper Circumpolar Deep Water(UCDW)and North Pacifi c Deep Water(NPDW)coexist in the upper deep layer(i.e.,with a 1.2-2.0-℃potential temperature range and a 2000-4100-dbar pressure range)of the Eastern Philippine Sea.They have similar properties in potential temperature and salinity,while have a signifi cant diff erence in dissolved silicate.Based on the repeated observations along a 137°E transect from the World Ocean Database(WOD18),this study revealed the interannual variability of dissolved silicate in the upper deep layer of the Eastern Philippine Sea.Dissolved silicate increased in 1995,1996,2005,2006,and 2007,and decreased in 1997,2000,2001,2002,and 2004.Composition analysis showed that the large diff erence between positive and negative dissolved silicate anomalies occurred mainly at~15°N and north of 25°N,with the concentration reaching 4.25μmol/g.Further analysis indicated that the interannual dissolved silicate variability was related to the zonal current variation in the upper deep layer.The relatively strong(weak)westward current transport increased(decreased)NPDW to the Eastern Philippine Sea,thereby resulting in increased(decreased)dissolved silicate. | Ruixue XIA Qiang XIE Weiqiang WANG Hongzhou XU Xuekun SHANG Yeqiang SHU | 2023 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2023，41，4： | 0 |
| 19 | Influence of Coriolis Parameter Variation on Langmuir Turbulence in the Ocean Upper Mixed Layer with Large Eddy Simulation显示文摘Langmuir turbulence is a complex turbulent process in the ocean upper mixed layer.The Coriolis parameter has an important effect on Langmuir turbulence through the Coriolis-Stokes force and Ekman effect,however,this effect on Langmuir turbulence has not been systematically investigated.Here,the impact of the Coriolis parameter on Langmuir turbulence with a change of latitude(LAT)from 20°N to 80°N is studied using a non-hydrostatic large eddy simulation model under an ideal condition.The results show that the ratio of the upper mixed layer depth to Ekman depth scale(RME)RME=0.266(LAT=50°N)is a key value(latitude)for the modulation effect of the Coriolis parameter on the mean and turbulent statistics of Langmuir turbulence.It is found that the rate of change of the sea surface temperature,upper mixed layer depth,entrainment flux,crosswind velocity,downwind vertical momentum flux,and turbulent kinetic energy budget terms associated with Langmuir turbulence are more evident at RME≤0.266(LAT≤50°N)than at RME≥0.266(LAT≥50°N).However,the rate of change of the depth-averaged crosswind vertical momentum flux does not have a clear variation between RME≤0.266 and RME≥0.266.The complex changes of both Langmuir turbulence characteristics and influence of Langmuir turbulence on the upper mixed layer with latitude presented here may provide more information for further improving Langmuir turbulence parameterization. | Dongxiao WANG Guojing LI Lian SHEN Yeqiang SHU | 2022 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2022，39，9： | 0 |
| 20 | Frontogenesis and Frontolysis of a Cold Filament Driven by the Cross-Filament Wind and Wave Fields Simulated by a Large Eddy Simulation显示文摘The variations of the frontogenetic trend of a cold filament induced by the cross-filament wind and wave fields are studied by a non-hydrostatic large eddy simulation. Five cases with different strengths of wind and wave fields are studied.The results show that the intense wind and wave fields further break the symmetries of submesoscale flow fields and suppress the levels of filament frontogenesis. The changes of secondary circulation directions—that is, the conversion between the convergence and divergence of the surface cross-filament currents with the downwelling and upwelling jets in the filament center—are associated with the inertial oscillation. The filament frontogenesis and frontolysis caused by the changes of secondary circulation directions may periodically sharpen and smooth the gradient of submesoscale flow fields.The lifecycle of the cold filament may include multiple stages of filament frontogenesis and frontolysis. | Guojing LI Dongxiao WANG Changming DONG Jiayi PAN Yeqiang SHU Zhenqiu ZHANG | 2024 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2024，41，3： | 0 |
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