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| 1 | Genome survey uncovers the secrets of sex and lifestyle in caterpillar fungus显示文摘The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (best known as Cordyceps sinensis) mummifies ghost moth larvae exclusively in Tibetan Plateau alpine ecosystems. Touted as 'Himalayan Viagra', the fungus is highly prized due to its medical benefits and dwindling supplies. Attempts to culture the sexual fruiting-body have failed and the huge market demand has led to severe devastation of local ecosystems and to the fungus heading towards extinction. By genome sequencing, we establish that unlike related insect pathogens O. sinensis contains two compatible mating-type genes in its genome and is self-fertile, i.e. homothallic. However, sexual processes are only initiated under native environmental conditions. O. sinensis resembles biotrophic plant pathogens in having a genome shaped by retrotransposon-driven expansions. The resulting changes in gene content suggest that O. sinensis has a biphasic pathogenic mechanism beginning with stealth pathogenesis in early host instars. O. sinensis is the first psychrophilic fungus sequenced and is adapted to extreme cold with putative antifreeze proteins and mechanisms for increasing lipid accumulation and fatty acid unsaturation. We hypothesize that for the inbreeding O. sinensis the massive proliferation of retrotransposons provides a tradeoff between the advantages of increased genetic variation independent of sexual recombination and deletion of genes dispensable for its specialized pathogenic lifestyle. | HU Xiao ZHANG YongJie XIAO GuoHua ZHENG Peng XIA YongLiang ZHANG XingYu ST LEGER Raymond J LIU XingZhong WANG ChengShu | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，23： | 26 |
| 2 | Air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the Yangtze River Delta region during 2014–2016显示文摘With rapid economic growth and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region in China has experienced serious air pollution challenges. In this study, we analyzed the air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the YRD region during 2014–2016. In recent years, the concentrations of all air pollutants, except O3,decreased. Spatially, the PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO concentrations were higher in the northern YRD region, and NO2 and O3 were higher in the central YRD region. Based on the number of non-attainment days(i.e., days with air quality index greater than 100), PM2.5 was the largest contributor to air pollution in the YRD region, followed by O3, PM10, and NO2.However, particulate matter pollution has declined gradually, while O3 pollution worsened.Meteorological conditions mainly influenced day-to-day variations in pollutant concentrations. PM2.5 concentration was inversely related to wind speed, while O3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity.The air quality improvement in recent years was mainly attributed to emission reductions.During 2014–2016, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, NH3, and volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions in the YRD region were reduced by 26.3%, 29.2%, 32.4%, 8.1%, 15.9%, 4.5%, and0.3%, respectively. Regional transport also contributed to the air pollution. During regional haze periods, pollutants from North China and East China aggravated the pollution in the YRD region. Our findings suggest that emission reduction and regional joint prevention and control helped to improve the air quality in the YRD region. | Tao Ma Fengkui Duan Kebin He Yu Qin Dan Tong Guannan Geng Xuyan Liu Hui Li Shuo Yang Siqi Ye Beiyao Xu Qiang Zhang Yongliang Ma | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，9： | 26 |
| 3 | Variations in air temperature during the last 100 years revealed by δ^(18)O in the Malan ice core from the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘By comprehensive analyses, it was found that the variations in d 18O recorded in Malan ice core from theKekexili Region on the Tibetan Plateau could represent thechanges in air temperature during the summer half year (from May to October) over the Kekexili Region and the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The general increase trend in d18O in this ice core during the past century indicated climate warming, and it was estimated that air temperature during the summer half-year rose about 1.2C over there then. However, this ice core record documented that the study area has been cooling while most of the world has been dramatically warming since the late 1970s. A teleconnection was foundbetween the variations in d 18O in the Malan ice core and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Moreover, the variations in d 18O in this ice core were similar to that in the summer half-year air temperature over the southern Tibetan Plateau on thecenturial time scale, but opposite on the multidecadal timescale. | WANG Ninglian, YAO Tandong, PU Jianchen, ZHANG Yongliang, SUN Weizhen & WANG Youqing Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，19： | 19 |
| 4 | Coinfection with influenza A virus enhances SARS-CoV-2 infectivity显示文摘The upcoming flu season in the Northern Hemisphere merging with the current COVID-19 pandemic raises a potentially severe threat to public health.Through experimental coinfection with influenza A virus(IAV)and either pseudotyped or live SARS-CoV-2 virus,we found that IAV preinfection significantly promoted the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in a broad range of cell types.Remarkably,in vivo,increased SARS-CoV-2 viral load and more severe lung damage were observed in mice coinfected with IAV.Moreover,such enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was not observed with several other respiratory viruses,likely due to a unique feature of IAV to elevate ACE2 expression.This study illustrates that IAV has a unique ability to aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection,and thus,prevention of IAV infection is of great significance during the COVID-19 pandemic. | Lei Bai Yongliang Zhao Jiazhen Dong Simeng Liang Ming Guo Xinjin Liu Xin Wang Zhixiang Huang Xiaoyi Sun Zhen Zhang Lianghui Dong Qianyun Liu Yucheng Zheng Danping Niu Min Xiang Kun Song Jiajie Ye Wenchao Zheng Zhidong Tang Mingliang Tang Yu Zhou Chao Shen Li Zhou Yu Chen Huan Yan Ke Lan Ke Xu | 2021 | Cell Research2021，31，4： | 16 |
| 5 | Novel and potent inhibitors targeting DHODH are broad-spectrum antivirals against RNA viruses including newly-emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2显示文摘Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses occasionally cause epidemics and pandemics worldwide,such as the on-going outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.Herein,we identified two potent inhibitors of human DHODH,S312 and S416,with favorable drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic profiles,which all showed broad-spectrum antiviral effects against various RNA viruses,including influenza A virus,Zika virus,Ebola virus,and particularly against SARS-CoV-2.Notably,S416 is reported to be the most potent inhibitor so far with an EC5o of 17 nmol/L and an SI value of 10,505.88 in infec-ted cells.Our results are the first to validate that DHODH is an attractive host target through high antiviral efficacy in vivo and low virus replication in DHODH knock-out cells.This work demonstrates that both S312/S416 and old drugs(Leflunomide/Teriflunomide)with dual actions of antiviral and immuno-regulation may have clinical potentials to cure SARS-CoV-2 or other RNA viruses circulating worldwide,no matter such viruses are mutated or not. | Rui Xiong Leike Zhang Shiliang Li Yuan Sun Minyi Ding Yong Wang Yongliang Zhao Yan Wu Weijuan Shang Xiaming Jiang Jiwei Shan Zihao Shen Yi Tong Liuxin Xu Yu Chen Yingle Liu Gang Zou Dimitri Lavillete Zhenjiang Zhao Rui Wang Lili Zhu Gengfu Xiao Ke Lan Honglin Li Ke Xu | 2020 | Protein & Cell2020，11，10： | 14 |
| 6 | Geochemical characteristics and tectonic implications of HP-UHP eclogites and blueschists in southwestern Tianshan, China显示文摘在与的通讯的四个岩石集合拖引不同 tectionic 背景在在西南的 Tianshan 扩大 HP-UHP metarmorphic 带的 NEE-SWW 被认出了,西北中国, Eclogite 集合 ECI 与碱的在内板 geochemically 类似海洋的岛暗岩(OIB ) 。EC2 显示出亲密关系到充实的中间海洋的山脉暗岩(EMORB ) 。稀土元素元素(REE ) 和蓝片岩集合 BSI 的另外的不动的踪迹元素特征正常中间海洋的山脉暗岩(NMORB ) 类似于那些。这三个集合多半在一个海底山背景,和碳酸盐矿物质和 omphacite 的流行存在上被形成石英岩条纹 / 团块包括泥土建议古老的远洋的沉积可能在玄武岩的海底山之上被开发。而 BS2 集合的 geochemical 特征具有暴烈的弧暗岩类型。有它上的远洋的沉积的海底山在潜水艇 ducting 团中被带进 subduction 地区,和在活跃大陆人边缘上形成的暴烈的弧暗岩,沟沉积被侵蚀并且包,他们完全受到高度到超离频压力变态和随后的发掘向出现。HP-UHP 变形的带因此作为海底山的构造并排和 imbrication 形成的 subduction-accretionary 建筑群被解释,海地板,沟并且暴烈在海洋的外壳 subduction 期间是序列。 | AI Yongliang ZHANG Lifei LI Xuping QU Junfeng | 2006 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2006，16，6： | 13 |
| 7 | Gas-to-particle conversion of atmospheric ammonia and sampling artifacts of ammonium in spring of Beijing显示文摘PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants(SO2,HNO2,HNO3,HCl,and NH3) were simultaneously collected by Partisol- Model 2300 Sequential Speciation Sampler with denuder-filter pack system in the spring of 2013 in Beijing.Water-soluble inorganic ions and gaseous pollutants were measured by Ion Chromatography.Results showed that the concentrations of NH3,NH+ 4and PM2.5 had similar diurnal variation trends and their concentrations were higher at night than in daytime.The results of gas-to-particle conversion revealed that [NH3]:[NH+4] ratio was usually higher than 1; however,it was less than 1 and the concentration of NH+4 increased significantly during the haze episode,indicating that NH3 played an important role in the formation of fine particle.Research on the sampling artifacts suggested that the volatilization loss of NH+4 was prevalent in the traditional single filter-based sampling.The excess loss of HNO3 and HCl resulted from ammonium-poor aerosols and semivolatile inorganic species had severe losses in the clean day,whereas the mass of NH+ 4was usually overestimated during the single filter-based sampling due to the positive artifacts.Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the influence of meteorological conditions on the volatilization loss of NH+4.It was found that the average relative humidity and temperature had great effects on the loss of NH+4.The loss of NH+4 was significantly under high temperature and low humidity,and tended to increase with the increasing of absorption of gaseous pollutants by denuder.The total mass of volatile loss of NH+4,NO- 3and Cl- could not be ignored and its maximum value was 12.17 μg m-3.Therefore it is important to compensate sampling artifacts for semivolatile inorganic species. | WEI LianFang DUAN JingChun TAN JiHua MA YongLiang HE KeBin WANG ShuXiao HUANG XiaoFeng ZHANG YuanXun | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，3： | 11 |
| 8 | Underlying mechanism of protection from hypoxic injury seen with n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. in hippocampal neurons显示文摘The alcohol and n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. significantly protects myocardium from acute ischemic injury. However, its effects on rat hippocampal neurons and the mechanism of protection remain unclear. In this study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons from neonatal rats were incubated in 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 4 hours. Results indicated that hypoxic injury decreased the viability of neurons, increased the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein. Pretreatment with 0.25, 0.062 5, 0.015 6 mg/mL n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. led to a significant increase in cell viability. Expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein, were attenuated. The neuroprotective effect of n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. was equivalent to tanshinone IIA. Our data suggest that the n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. could protect primary hippocampal neurons from hypoxic injury by deactivating mitochondrial cell death. | Xiaojing Qin Lingzhi Li Qi Lv Baoguo Yu ShuwangYang Tao He Yongliang Zhang | 2012 | Neural Regeneration Research2012，7，33： | 11 |
| 9 | Highly efficient heritable genome editing in wheat using an RNA virus and bypassing tissue culture.显示文摘Genome editing provides novel strategies for improving plant traits,but relies on current genetic transformation and plant regeneration procedures,which can be inefficient.We have engineered a barley stripe mosaic virus(BSMV)-based sgRNA delivery vector(BSMV-sg)that is effective in performing heritable genome editing in Cas9-transgenic wheat plants.Mutated progenies were present in the next generation at frequencies ranging from 12.9%to 100%in three different wheat varieties,and 53.8%to 100%of mutants were virus-free.We also achieved multiplex mutagenesis in progeny using a pool of BSMV-sg vectors harboring different sgRNAs.Furthermore,we devised a virus-induced transgene-free editing procedure(VITF-Edit)to generate Cas9-free wheat mutants by crossing BSMV-infected Cas9-transgenic wheat pollen with wild-type wheat.Our study provides a robust,convenient and tissue culture-free approach for genome editing in wheat through virus infection. | Tingdong Li Jiacheng Hu Yu Sun Boshu Li Dingliang Zhang Wenli Li Jinxing Liu Dawei Li Caixia Gao Yongliang Zhang Yanpeng Wang | 2021 | Molecular Plant2021，14，11： | 10 |
| 10 | ADAPTABLE DESIGN OF MACHINE TOOLS STRUCTURES显示文摘Adaptable design aims to extend the utilities of design and product.The specific methods are developed for practical applications of adaptable design in the design of mechanical structures, including adaptable platform,interface and module designs.Adaptable redesign problems are formulated as adaptable platform design under adaptability bound constraints.Analysis tools are then suggested for the implementation of the redesign of machine tool structures,including variation techniques based sensitivity analysis,similarity-based commonality analysis,performance improvement,and adaptability measures.The specific measure of adaptability for machine tool structures is measured through the quantification of the structural similarity and performance improvement gained from adaptable design.The method provides designers with an approach that brings adaptability into the design process,with considering the cost and benefits of such adaptability. The redesign of CNC spiral bevel gear cutting machine structures has been included to illustrate these concepts and methods. | XU Yanshen CHEN Yongliang ZHANG Guojun GU Peihua | 2008 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2008，21，3： | 9 |
| 11 | STAT5 programs a distinct subset of GM-CSF-producing T helper cells that is essential for autoimmune neuroinflammation显示文摘 | Wanqiang Sheng Fan Yang Yi Zhou Henry Yang Pey Yng Low David Michael Kemeny Patrick Tan Akira Moh Mark H Kaplan Yongliang Zhang Xin-Yuan Fu | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，12： | 7 |
| 12 | High-pressure granulite from Western Kunlun,northwestern China:Its metamorphic evolution,zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages and tectonic implication显示文摘High-pressure mafic granulites occurring as lenticular bodies within garnet-amphibolites in Kangxiwar Fault have been first reported in this paper. The P-T conditions of two metamorphic stages were ob-tained using calibrated geothermal barometers and ThermoCalc Program. The peak metamorphic con-dition of these high-pressure granulites is about 760―820℃,1.0―1.2 GPa and the retrograde meta-morphic condition is about 620―720℃,0.7―0.8 GPa. The petrological studies show that they have a near-isobaric cooling P-T path which suggests that the Western Kunlun underwent initial crustal thickening,subsequent exhumation and cooling. The SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating gives two groups of ages for high-pressure granulites. One is 177±6 Ma which is obtained from the rim of the zircon. We consider this age should be the metamorphic age. And the other is 456±30 Ma which is obtained from the core of the zircon and should be the protolith age. The formation of these high-pressure granulites in western Kunlun is closely correlated with the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys and has important im-plications for the research on Tethys and Paleo-Asian tectonic zone. | QU JunFeng ZHANG LiFei AI YongLiang L Zeng WANG JianPing ZHOU Hui WANG ShiYan | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，7： | 7 |
| 13 | The three-dimensional structure and seasonal variation of the North Pacific meridional overturning circulation显示文摘The three-dimensional structure and the seasonal variation of the North Pacific meridional overturning circulation (NPMOC) are analyzed based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation data and Argo profiling float data.The NPMOC displays a multi-cell structure with four cells in the North Pacific altogether.The TC and the STC are a strong clockwise meridional cell in the low latitude ocean and a weaker clockwise meridional cell between 7°N and 18°N,respectively, while the DTC and the subpolar cell are a weaker anticlockwise meridional cell between 3°N and 15°N and a weakest anticlockwise meridional cell between 35°N and 50°N,respectively. The DTC,the TC and the STC are all of very strong seasonal variations.As to the DTC, the southward transport is strongest in fall and weakest in spring.For the TC,the northward transport is strongest in winter and weakest in spring,while the southward transport is strongest in fall and weakest in spring, which is associated with the strong southward flow of the DTC in fall.As the STC,the northward transport is strongest in winter and weakest in summer,while the southward transport is strongest in summer and weakest in spring. This seasonal difference may be associated with the DTC.The zonal wind stress and the east-west slope of sea level play important roles in the seasonal variations of the TC,the STC and the DTC. | LIU Hongwei ZHANG Qilong DUAN Yongliang HOU Yijun | 2011 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2011，30，3： | 7 |
| 14 | Evaluation Model of Design for Operation and Architecture of Hierarchical Virtual Simulation for Flight Vehicle Design显示文摘In order to take requirements for commercial operations or military missions into better consideration in new flight vehicle design, a tri-hierarchical task classification model of 'design for operation' is proposed, which takes basic man-object interaction task, complex collaborative operation and large-scale joint operation into account. The corresponding general architecture of evaluation criteria is also depicted. Then a virtual simulation-based approach to implement the evaluations at three hierarchy levels is mainly analyzed with a detailed example, which validates the feasibility and effectiveness of evaluation architecture. Finally, extending the virtual simulation architecture from design to operation training is discussed. | LIU Hua TIAN Yongliang ZHANG Chaoying YIN Jiao SUN Yijie | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2012，25，2： | 6 |
| 15 | Acute high-altitude hypoxic brain injury Identification of ten differential proteins显示文摘Hypobaric hypoxia can cause severe brain damage and mitochondrial dysfunction,and is involved in hypoxic brain injury.However,little is currently known about the mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction in hypobaric hypoxic brain damage.In this study,a rat model of hypobaric hypoxic brain injury was established to investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.As revealed by two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis,16,21,and36 differential protein spots in cerebral mitochondria were observed at 6,12,and 24 hours post-hypobaric hypoxia,respectively.Furthermore,ten protein spots selected from each hypobaric hypoxia subgroup were similarly regulated and were identified by mass spectrometry.These detected proteins included dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2,creatine kinase B-type,isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase,elongation factor Ts,ATP synthase beta-subunit,3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase,electron transfer flavoprotein alpha-subunit,Chain A of 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase,NADH dehydrogenase iron-sulfur protein 8 and tropomyosin beta chain.These ten proteins are all involved in the electron transport chain and the function of ATP synthase.Our findings indicate that hypobaric hypoxia can induce the differential expression of several cerebral mitochondrial proteins,which are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial energy production. | Jianyu Li Yuting Qi Hui Liu Ying Cui Li Zhang Haiying Gong Yaxiao Li Lingzhi Li Yongliang Zhang | 2013 | Neural Regeneration Research2013，8，31： | 6 |
| 16 | Prevalence and phylogenetic characterization of canine coronavirus from diseased pet dogs in Beijing,China显示文摘Dear Editor,Canine coronavirus including canine coronavirus(CCoV)and canine respiratory coronavirus(CRCoV)have been recognized as pathogenic viruses to dogs worldwide,causing enteric and respiratory issues(Buonavoglia et al.,2006).Zoonotic transfer of the viruses from the animal kingdom to humans has been repeatedly observed over the past decade, | Shuai Lu Di Zhang Jianfang Zhou Zhaofei Xia Degui Lin Yongliang Lou Wenjie Tan Kun Qin | 2016 | Science China(Life Sciences)2016，59，8： | 5 |
| 17 | Analysis of the mass of behind-armor debris generated by RHA subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section EFP显示文摘Analyzing the mass of behind-armor debris (BAD) generated by Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) is the purpose of this paper. So theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental data are combined to analyze the influence of variable cross-section characteristic on the time history of crater radius. Moreover the relationships between time history of crater radius (as well as mass of BAD) and the thickness of RHA (from 30mm to 70 mm) and the impact velocity of EFP (1650 m/s to 1860 m/s) are also investigated. The results indicate that: 1) being compared to the variable cross-section characteristic is ignored, the theoretical time history of crater radius is in better agreement with the simulation results when the variable cross-section characteristic is considered;2) being compared to the other three conditions of plug, the theoretical mass of BAD is in the best agreement with the simulation results when the shape of plug is frustum of a cone and the angle between generatrix and bottom is 45- and the axial length of mushroom is considered. | Boyang Xing Dongjiang Zhang Zhenyan Guo Yunhui Hou Rui Guo Rongzhong Liu Liang Chen Hao Zhou Yongliang Yang Jianhua Luo | 2019 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2019，15，3： | 4 |
| 18 | Effects of “Bioactive” amino acids leucine, glutamate, arginine and tryptophan on feed intake and mRNA expression of relative neuropeptides in broiler chicks显示文摘Feed intake control is vital to ensuring optimal nutrition and achieving full potential for growth and development in poultry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-leucine, L-glutamate, L-tryptophan and L-arginine on feed intake and the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic Neuropeptide involved in feed intake regulation in broiler chicks. Leucine, glutamate, tryptophan or arginine was intra-cerebroventricularly (ICV) administrated to 4d-old broiler chicks respectively and the feed intake were recorded at various time points. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of Neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti related protein (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF). Our results showed that ICV administration of L-leucine (0.15 or 1.5 μmol) significantly (P<0.05) increased feed intake up to 2 h post-administration period and elevated both hypothalamic NPY and AgRP mRNA expression levels. In contrast, ICV administration of L-glutamate (1.6μmol) significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed intake 0.25, 0.5 and 2 h post-injection, and increased hypothalamic CRF and MC4R mRNA expression levels. Meanwhile, both L-tryptophan (10 or 100μg) and L-arginine (20 or 200μg) had no significant effect on feed intake. These findings suggested that L-leucine and L-glutamate could act within the hypothalamus to influence food intake, and that both orexigenic and anorexigenic Neuropeptide genes might contribute directly to these effects. | Songbo Wang Paul Khondowe Shengfeng Chen Jianjian Yu Gang Shu Xiaotong Zhu Lina Wang Ping Gao Qianyun Xi Yongliang Zhang Qingyan Jiang | 2012 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2012，3，4： | 3 |
| 19 | Robust design of configurations and parameters of adaptable products显示文摘 | Jian ZHANG Yongliang CHEN Deyi XUE Peihua GU | 2014 | Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering2014，9，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Distinct proteins in cortex of rats with closed traumatic brain injury detected by a WCX-2 protein chip显示文摘BACKGROUND: Mechanical injury can cause the changes of polygene expression spectrum in rat cerebral cortical nerve cells,and then result in the changes of intracellular protein expression. At present,dielectrophoresis is combined with mass spectrum technique to detect the expression of different proteins in rat cortex after brain injury,but the protein chip technique requires further investigation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differences of protein expression spectrum in rat cerebral cortex before and after closed traumatic brain injury using WCX-2 protein chip technique. DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING: Training Division of the Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force. MATERIALS: Seventy-two male SD rats of clean degree,350-450 g,were provided by the Experimental Animal Center,Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLA. Urea,trifluoroacetic acid,CHAPS and Tris (Sigma,USA); WCX-2 (Ciphergen,USA). Ultra-high speed hypothermia centrifuger (Bechman,USA); Rotary tissue microtome (Keuca,Germany); Biochip processor and PBSⅡ-C protein chip reader (Ciphergen,USA). METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Institute of Molecular Pathology,Central Laboratory,and Department of Pathology,Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force from June 2005 to March 2006. ① Grouping and treatment: The experiments were completed in molecular pathological institute,central laboratory and pathological department. ① The rats were randomly divided into control group (n =12) and brain injury group (n =60). Marmarou's weight-dropping models were duplicated at different time points in the brain injury group. In the control group,the rats were only treated by incising the skin of head top,without fixing the stainless steel hitting backup plate at the vault of skull,and obtain brain cortex for pathological and protein chip research,and they were killed after 24 hours. The rats in the brain injury group were killed at 4,8,12,24 and 48 hours after model establishment. ② Pathological observation: Longitudinal section was made on cerebral cortex,and sections of 5 μm were prepared,then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). ③ Protein chip analysis: 100 mg cerebral cortex was collected from each rat,and the protein content in sample was detected with Bradford method,meanwhile,WCX-2 protein chip was used to analyze the protein spectrum. The data were automatically collected with Ciphergen proteinchip 3.0 software,and the results were analyzed using Biomarker Wizard software to compare the differences of protein spectrum in rat cortex between the groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of the pathological observation of cerebral cortex and the protein spectrum analysis. RESULTS: ① Pathological changes of cerebral cortex: In the control group,no necrosis and edema was observed. In the brain injury group,injures of different severity occurred at different time points; After 4 hours,focal or scattered red nerve cells could be observed,the size of some cells was increased,cytoplasm was lightly stained,and only nuclear fragments were seen; After 8 hours,the necrotic nerve cells were increased,and the number of nerve cells was reduced,astrocytes (neuronophagia) could be seen in partial cytoplasm; there was small vascular dilatation,and endothelial cell proliferation; interstitial edema,regional rarefaction lightly stained. After 12-48 hours,the necrotic nerve cells were reduced,and astrocytes proliferated. ② Results of protein spectrum analysis: The WCX-2 experiment found that the expressions of 5 639,3 212 and 7 536 u proteins in cerebral cortex changed after injury in the brain injury group. The peak intensity of 5 639 u protein in the brain injury group at 8 hours after injury was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); The peak intensity of 3 212 u protein in the brain injury group at 48 hours after injury was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); The peak intensity of 7 536 u protein at 24 hours after injury was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Brain injury can cause the changes of protein expression spectrum in cerebral cortex,it is suggested that brain injury can induce the expression of protein. | Li Zhan Lin Liang Qingming Shu Shuwang Yang Yongliang Zhang | 2007 | Neural Regeneration Research2007，2，6： | 3 |
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