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| 1 | Evaluation of the suitability of a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal as ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets显示文摘Background: Two trials were performed to evaluate a partially defatted Hermetia illucens(HI) larvae meal as potential feed ingredient in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets. In the first trial, 360 trout(178.9 ± 9.8 g of mean initial body weight) were randomly divided into three experimental groups(4 tanks/treatment, 30 fish/tank). The fish were fed for 78 days with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets containing increasing levels of HI, on as fed basis: 0%(HI0, control diet), 25%(HI25) and 50%(HI50) of fish meal substitution, corresponding to dietary inclusion levels of 0, 20% and 40%. In the second trial, 36 trout(4 tanks/treatment, 3 fish/tank) were used to evaluate the in vivo apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of the same diets used in the first trial.Results: Survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, and dorsal fillet physical quality parameters were not affected by diet. The highest dietary inclusion of HI larvae meal increased dry matter and ether extract contents of trout dorsal fillet. The use of HI larvae meal induced a decrease of valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) even if differences were only reported at the highest level of HI inclusion. The insect meal worsened the lipids health indexes of the same muscle. Dietary inclusion of insect meal did not alter the villus height of the fish. No differences were found among treatments in relation to ADC of ether extract and gross energy, while ADC of dry matter and crude protein were higher in HI25 if compared to HI50.Conclusions: The obtained results showed that a partially defatted HI larvae meal can be used as feed ingredient in trout diets up to 40% of inclusion level without impacting survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, dorsal fillet physical quality parameters, and intestinal morphology of the fish. However, further investigations on specific feeding strategies and diet formulations are needed to limit the observed negative effects of the insect meal on the FA composition of dorsal muscle. | M. Renna A. Schiavone F. Gai S. Dabbou C. Lussiana V. Malfatto M. Prearo M. T. Capucchio I. Biasato E. Biasibetti M. De Marco A. Brugiapaglia I. Zoccarato L. Gasco | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，4： | 32 |
| 2 | Black soldier fly defatted meal as a dietary protein source for broiler chickens:Effects on growth performance,blood traits,gut morphology and histological features显示文摘Background: The present study has evaluated the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens L.; HI) larva meal on the growth performance, blood parameters and gut morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256 male broiler chickens(Ross 308) were reared from d 1 to d 35 and assigned to4 dietary treatments(8 replicates/treatment and 8 birds/replicate). HI larva meal was included at increasing levels(0, 5%, 10% and 15%; HI0, HI5, HI10 and HI15, respectively) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for 3 feeding phases: starter(1–10 d), growing(10–24 d) and finisher(24–35 d). Two birds per pen were slaughtered at d 35 and morphometric investigations and histopathological alterations were performed.Results: The live weight(LW) showed linear and quadratic responses to increasing HI larva meal(maximum for HI10 group). Average daily gain(ADG) showed a linear and quadratic responses to HI meal(maximum for HI10 group) during starter and growing periods. A linear decrease was observed for ADG during the finisher period. The daily feed intake(DFI) showed a linear and quadratic effect during the starter period(maximum for HI10 group).Linear and quadratic responses were observed for the feed conversion ratio(FCR) in the growing period and for the whole period of the experiment. The FCR showed a linear response in the finisher period(maximum for HI15).No significant effects were observed for the blood and serum parameters, except for the phosphorus concentration,which showed linear and quadratic responses as well as glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity, the latter of which showed a linear response. The HI15 birds showed a lower villus height, a higher crypt depth and a lower villus height-to-crypt depth ratio than the other groups.Conclusions: Increasing levels of dietary HI meal inclusion in male broiler chickens may improve the LW and DFI during the starter period, but may also negatively affect the FCR and gut morphology, thus suggesting that low levels may be more suitable. However, no significant effects on the haematochemical parameters or histological findings were observed in relation to HI meal utilization. | Sihem Dabbou Francesco Gai Ilaria Biasato Maria Teresa Capucchio Elena Biasibetti Daniela Dezzutto Marco Meneguz Iveta Plachà Laura Gasco Achille Schiavone | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，4： | 34 |
| 3 | Nutritional value of a partially defatted and a highly defatted black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) meal for broiler chickens: apparent nutrient digestibility,apparent metabolizable energy and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility显示文摘Background: The study aimed to determine the apparent total tract digestibility coefficients(ATTDC) of nutrients, the apparent metabolizable energy(AME and AMEn) and the amino acid(AA) apparent ileal digestibility coefficients(AIDC)of a partially defatted(BSFp) and a highly defatted(BSFh) black soldier fly larvae meal. The experimental diets were: a basal diet and two diets prepared by substituting 250 g/kg(w/w) of the basal diet with BSFp or BSFh, respectively.Results: Significant differences were found between BSFp and BSFh meals for ATTDC of the nutrients: BSFp resulted more digestible than BSFh, except for ATTDC of CP which did not differed between meals, while a statistical trend was observed for ATTDC of DM and EE. The AME and AMEn values were significantly(P < 0.05) different between the two BSF meals, with higher levels for BSFp(16.25 and 14.87 MJ/kg DM, respectively). The AIDC of the AA in BSFp ranged from 0.44 to 0.92, while in BSFh they ranged from 0.45 to 0.99. No significant differences were observed for the AA digestibility(0.77 and 0.80 for BSFp and BSFh, respectively), except for glutamic acid, proline and serine that were more digestible in the BSFh meal(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Defatted BSF meals can be considered as an excellent source of AME and digestible AA for broilers with a better efficient nutrient digestion. These considerations suggested the effective utilization of defatted BSF larvae meal in poultry feed formulation. | Achille Schiavone Michele De Marco Silvia Martínez Sihem Dabbou Manuela Renna Josefa Madrid Fuensanta Hernandez Luca Rotolo Pierluca Costa Francesco Gai Laura Gasco | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，4： | 27 |
| 4 | Partially defatted black soldier fly larva meal inclusion in piglet diets: effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility,blood profile, gut morphology and histological features显示文摘Background:The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly (BSF,Hermetia illucens L.) larva meal on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profile,gut morphology and histological features of piglets.A total of 48 newly weaned piglets were individually weighed (initial body weight (IBW):6.1 ± 0.16 kg) and randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments (4 boxes as replicates/treatment and 4 animals/box).BSF larva meal was included at increasing levels (0% [BSF0],5% [BSFS] and 10% [BSF10]) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for two feeding phases:Ⅰ (from d 1 to d 23) and Ⅱ (from d 24 to d 61).The weight gain (WG),average daily gain (ADG),average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated for each feeding phase and for the whole trial.The haematochemical parameters and nutrient digestibility of the piglets were also evaluated.A total of 3 piglets per box were slaughtered on d 61 and the slaughtered piglets were submitted to morphometric investigations and histopathological examinations.Results:No overall significant differences were observed for growth performance (P > 0.05),except for the ADFI of phase Ⅱ,which showed a linear response to increasing BSF meal levels (P < 0.05,maximum for the BSF10 group).Dietary BSF meal inclusion did not significantly influence the blood profile,except as far as monocytes and neutrophils are concerned,and these showed a linear and quadratic response,respectively,to increasing BSF meal levels (P < 0.05,maximum for the BSF10 and BSF5 groups,respectively).On the other hand,the nutrient digestibility,gut morphology and histological features were not affected by dietary BSF meal inclusion (P > 0.05).Conclusions:The obtained results show that a partially defatted BSF larva meal can be used as a feed ingredient in diets for weaned piglets without negatively affecting their growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profile,gut morphology or histological features. | Ilaria Biasato Manuela Renna Francesco Gai Sihem Dabbou Marco Meneguz Giovanni Perona Silvia Martinez Ana Cristina Barroeta Lajusticia Stefania Bergagna Luca Sardi Maria Teresa Capucchio Enrico Bressan Andrea Dama Achille Schiavone Laura Gasco | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，3： | 19 |
| 5 | Isolation of bacteria from fermented food and grass carp intestine and their efficiencies in improving nutrient value of soybean meal in solid state fermentation显示文摘Background: Soybean meal is an excellent and cost-effective protein source; however, its usage is limited in the piglet due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors and the antigens glycinin and β-conglycinin. The objective of the current study was to screen and select for bacteria that can be efficiently adopted to ferment soybean meal in order to solve this problem.Results: Bacteria were isolated from fermented soy foods and the grass carp intestine, and strains selected for high protease, cellulase and amylase activities. The isolated bacteria were characterized as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacilus amyloliquefacien, respectively. Fermentation with food-derived Isolate-2 and fish-derived F-9 increased crude protein content by 5.32% and 8.27%, respectively; improved the amino acid profile by increasing certain essential amino acids, broke down larger soy protein to 35 k Da and under, eliminated antigenicity against glycinin and β-conglycinin, and removed raffinose and stachyose in the soybean meal following a 24-h fermentation.Conclusions: Our results suggest these two B. amyloliquefaciens bacteria can efficiently solid state ferment soybean meal and ultimately produce a more utilizable food source for growing healthy piglets. | Samantha Medeiros Jingjing Xie Paul W.Dyce Hugh Y.Cai Kees De Lange Hongfu Zhang Julang Li | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，3： | 12 |
| 6 | Alfalfa-containing diets alter luminal microbiota structure and short chain fatty acid sensing in the caecal mucosa of pigs显示文摘Background: Pork produced by outdoor-reared pigs raised mostly on alfalfa pastures attracts increasing population of consumer from most of the world. In China, pigs were raised with alfalfa-containing diets to seek for good quality pork.However, the influence of dietary alfalfa involving high level of insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) on pig intestinal luminal microbiota composition remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of alfalfa on luminal microbiota and short chain fatty acids(SCFA) production, and gene expressions involved in SCFA sensing, transporting and absorbing in pig caecal mucosa.Results: Twenty-four growing pigs were randomly allotted to four diets containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% alfalfa meal for a 28-d experiment. Ingestion of alfalfa meal-contained diets significantly increased the ratio of body weight gain to feed consumption. Illumina MiS eq sequencing of the V3 region of the 16 S r RNA genes showed that alfalfa-containing diet significantly decreased the relative abundance of genera Turicibacter, Acidiphilium, Paracoccus, Propionibacterium,Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Staphylococcus, and increased the relative abundance of genera Lachnospira, Marvinbryantia, and Desulfovibrio in the caecal digesta. Butyrate concentration was significantly increased in the hindgut by the supplementation of alfalfa meal in diets. The m RNA gene expressions of FFAR3, SMCT1, MCT1,PYY, and GCG were significantly increased in the caecal mucosa of pigs fed alfalfa meal.Conclusions: Our results suggested that alfalfa-containing diet has exerted significant impacts on caecal microbiota composition, butyrate concentration and significantly upregulated m RNA expression of host caecal mucosal genes involved in SCFA sensing and absorption as well as regulation of satiety. | Jiawei Wang Chunfu Qin Ting He Kai Qiu Wenjuan Sun Xin Zhang Ning Jiao Weiyun Zhu Jingdong Yin | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，2： | 12 |
| 7 | Net energy of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meal in growing pigs显示文摘Background: Two experiments were conducted to estimate the net energy(NE) of corn, soybean meal, expel er-pressed rapeseed meal(EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal(SE-RSM) using indirect calorimetry and to validate the NE of these four ingredients using pig growth performance.Methods: In Exp.1, 24 barrows(initial BW = 36.4 ± 1.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets which included a corn basal diet,a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two rapeseed meal diets containing 20% EP-RSM(9.5% ether extract) or SE-RSM(1.1% ether extract) substituted for corn and soybean meal. The design allowed the calculation of NE values of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meals according to the difference method. In Exp.2, 175 growing pigs(initial BW = 36.0± 5.2 kg) were fed 1 of 5 diets for 28 d, with five pigs per pen and seven replications(pens) per treatment in order to validate the measured energy values. Diets were a corn-soybean meal diet and four diets including 10% or 20% EP-RSM and 10% or 20% SE-RSM.Results: The NE of corn, soybean meal, EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 12.46, 11.34, 11.71 and 8.83 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The NE to ME ratio of corn(78%) was similar to tabular values, however, the NE to ME ratios of soybean meal(70%) and rapeseed meal(76%) were greater than tabular values. The greater NE value in EP-RSM than in SE-RSM is consistent with its higher EE content. Increasing EP-RSM or SE-RSM did not affect the growth performance of pigs and the caloric efficiency of NE was comparable for al diets.Conclusions: The NE of EP-RSM was similar to soybean meal, and both were greater than SE-RSM. The DE, ME and NE values measured in Exp.1 are confirmed by results of Exp. 2 with comparable caloric efficiencies of DE, ME or NE for all diets. | Zhongchao Li Yakui Li Zhiqian Lv Hu Liu Jinbiao Zhao Jean Noblet Fenglai Wang Changhua Lai Defa Li | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，4： | 7 |
| 8 | Development of an in vitro protein digestibility assay mimicking the chicken digestive tract显示文摘It is difficult to obtain in vivo digestion kinetics data of high protein ingredients using chickens. Collecting kinetics data requires repeated sampling of digesta from the small intestine during the digestion process,which is not easily accomplished due to the anatomical structure of chicken digestive tract. An in vitro technique is proposed for measuring the digestion kinetics of protein sources fed to chickens. The method has a 30 min gastric and 3 h intestinal phase. Five hundred milligram crude protein(CP)equivalent of each meal sample(CP = % N × 6.25) was digested with pepsin(28,260 units) in 50 m L polyethylene centrifuge tubes for 30 min in a shaking water bath(150 strokes/min; 30 mm stroke length)at 41C. The 6.5 mL pancreatin was selected as the enzyme concentration for the intestinal phase, during which time 500 m L aliquots were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 min. Samples were diluted 1:820 with HCl and sodium acetate buffer, and then mixed with ninhydrin reagent(2:1) at100 ± 2C for 15 min and spectrometric readings taken at 568 nm. To validate the assay, 5 replications of soybean meal(SBM), corn gluten meal(CGM), corn distillers dried grains with solubles(CDDGS), porcine meal(PCM), fish meal(FM) and casein(CA) were digested. The digestion data were modeled with PROC NLIN procedure, and the intra coefficient of variation(CV) assessed using PROC MEANS of SAS 9.4. The digestion values at 180 min were SBM 95 ± 4, FM 93 ± 3, PCM 68 ± 4, CGM 82 ± 3 and CDDGS 70 ± 2.Intra CV for SBM, CGM, CDDGS, PCM and FM were 5%, 5%, 12%, 10% and 2%, respectively. The estimated fractional digestion rates for SBM, CGM, CDDGS, FM and PCM were 0.023, 0.013, 0.009, 0.024 and 0.013,respectively. In conclusion, the proposed in vitro technique estimated the rate and extent of the digestion of CP for the meals with low intra CV. | Dervan D.S.L.Bryan Dawn A.Abbott Henry L.Classen | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，4： | 6 |
| 9 | The variation of two extracellular enzymes and soybean meal bitterness during solid-state fermentation of Bacillus subtilis显示文摘The debittering effect of extracellular enzymes from Bacillus subtilis ACCC 01746 was studied using soybean meal as a substrate for solid-state fermentation(SSF).Results showed that B.subtilis produces proteases and carboxypeptidase in the early stage of SSF(0–8 h).Proteases are dominant and can hydrolyze the soybean protein into long-chain peptides with mild bitterness.Carboxypeptidase production is dominant at 8–16 h SSF,at which point soybean protein is further hydrolyzed and bitterness is enhanced.The strain then produces additional carboxypeptidase after 16 h,and bitterness is reduced.We compared the amino acid composition of the hydrolysates from soybean protein isolates to that of the fermented liquid of SSF.In the hydrolysates from soybean protein isolates that exhibit strong bitterness,62.81%of amino acids are hydrophobic and occur in the form of peptides.In the fermented liquid from soybean meal,16.22%of amino acids are hydrophobic and are mainly present in the form of free amino acids.The bitterness of fermented soybean hydrolysate is reduced from 5 to 0 when fermented for 24 h,suggesting that B.subtilis can effectively reduce bitterness,possibly due to the carboxypeptidase.Enzyme analysis shows that B.subtilis excretes carboxypeptidase during growth.The amino acids phenylalanine,alanine,tyrosine,and leucine at the C-terminal of the soybean bitter peptides in hydrolysates are cleaved in the presence of carboxypeptidase,resulting in complete debitterness. | Haicheng Yin Feng Jia Jin Huang | 2019 | Grain & Oil Science and Technology2019，2，2： | 5 |
| 10 | Antidiarrheal activity of Pterocarpus erinaceus methanol leaf extract in experimentally-induced diarrhea显示文摘Objective:To investigate the antidiarrheal activity of the methanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus in vivo.Methods:The methanol leaf extract of Ptemcarpus erinaceus was evaluated using different doses(100,200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) orally for antidiarrheal activity using castor oil-induced diarrhea,charcoal meal transit lime and castor oil-induced enteropooling in different groups of albino Wistar mice.The activity of the extract at different doses were compared to diphenoxylate(3 mg/kg) and atropine sulphate(3 mg/kg) which were used as standard reference drugs and also to the distilled water administered negative control group of mice.Results:The extract at the doses used caused a significant(P< 0.01) reduction in the wet faeces passed by the mice in the castor oil-induced diarrhea,decreased the distance travelled by the charcoal meal by up to 54.8%and also caused a dose dependent and significant(P< 0.001) reduction in the intraluminal fluid accumulation in the castor oil-induced enteropooling. Conclusions:Our results indicate that Pterocarpits erinaceus extract produced significant antidiarrheal activity and the action may attribute to inhibition of gastrointestinal movement and fluid secretion. | Ezeja Maxwell I Ezeigbo Ihechiluru I Madubuike Kelechi G Udeh Nkiru E Ukweni Iheanacho A Akomas Stella C Ifenkwe Daniel C | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2012，5，2： | 3 |
| 11 | Basal diet and indigestible marker influence apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids of cottonseed meal and soybean meal in pigs显示文摘This study was to determine the apparent ileal nitrogen(N)and amino acid digestibilities of cottonseed meal(CSM)and soybean meal(SBM)in simple carbohydrate-based and more complex wheat-based diets.Twenty five Large White × Landrace boars(40.9 kg)were randomly allocated to one of 5 dietary treatments:a wheat diet,40% CSM in either a sugar:starch(1:1)or wheat-based diet,or 40% SBM in either a sugar:starch or wheat-based diet for 14 d.All diets contained vitamins,minerals,and contained acid-insoluble ash(AIA)and Cr2 O3 as indigestible markers.Rations were offered(1,800 g/pig per d)in3 meals/d on d 1-11 and 8 meals/d on d 12-13.On d 14,the pigs were fed hourly for 8 h.After the 8 th meal,pigs were anaesthetised with isoflurothane,and ileal and faecal digesta sampled from the terminal ileum and rectum before lethal injection of barbiturate.Apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of N was greater(12.1%)when CSM was fed in the wheat-based diet as compared to the simple carbohydrate-based diet,whereas apparent ileal N digestibility of SBM was slightly lower(-4.5%)in the wheat-based diet as compared to the sugar:starch-based diet.Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility generally respondeds similarly to N.Therefore,while there was a wide difference in apparent N and amino acid digestibilities of SBM and CSM when they were fed in the sugar:starch-based diets,these differences were less apparent when they were fed the wheat-based diet.There was an apparent net release of N into the hindgut of pigs fed CSM in both base diets.Conversely,there was quite substantial apparent digestion of N in the hindgut of pigs fed SBM in both base diets.The use of Cr2 O3 as an indigestible marker resulted in lower apparent ileal and faecal digestibilities than using AIA,particularly for diets containing CSM.These data demonstrate that the basal diet and choice of indigestible marker can substantially influence the estimate of apparent N digestibility,this response can differ for different protein meals. | Susanto Prawirodigdo Neil J.Gannon Brian J.Leury Frank R.Dunshea | 2019 | Animal Nutrition2019，，3： | 3 |
| 12 | Estimating Glycemic Index of Rice-Based Mixed Meals by Using Predicted and Adjusted Formulae显示文摘The estimation of glycemic index(GI) of rice-based mixed meal either by using predicted GI(GI_(pred)) or adjusted GI(GI_(adj)) formula is unclear.This study aimed to determine the glycemic response of rice in rice alone or mixed meals and to identify the appropriate formula for estimating the GI of rice-based mixed meals.The glycemic responses produced by the rice alone(red rice,fragrant white rice or parboiled rice) and the rice-based mixed meals(fried red rice,fried fragrant white rice or fried parboiled rice) which provided 25 g available carbohydrate were assessed in 11 healthy individuals.To determine the measured GI(GImeasured) of rice alone and rice-based mixed meals,participants underwent three repeated tests of a reference food(Glucolin~?).Tests were performed in random order on nine separate visits after an overnight fasting for at least 8 h.Capillary glucose at baseline(0 min),15,30,45,60,90 and 120 min from starting the meals was assessed and used to determine the incremental area under the curve(iAUC_(120)).The agreement between GImeasured and the estimation formulae(GI_(pred) or GI_(adj)) were determined using Bland-Altman analysis.The iAUC_(120) after consuming rice alone was significantly higher than the rice-based mixed meals except for fried fragrant rice,which was comparable to the rice alone(P > 0.05).The GI_(measured) values of rice were categorized as medium(61 for parboiled rice,67 for fragrant white rice,and 68 for red rice).GI_(pred)(r = 0.40,P < 0.01) and GI_(adj)(r = 0.41,P < 0.01) were significantly correlated with iAUC_(120).The agreement between GI_(measured) and GI_(adj) is apparent suggesting the usefulness of GI_(adj) in estimating meal GI of rice-based mixed meals. | Nur Maziah Hanum OSMAN Barakatun-Nisak MOHD-YUSOF Amin ISMAIL | 2017 | Rice science2017，24，5： | 2 |
| 13 | Effects of dietary cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate on growth,antioxidants and immunity of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir Sinensis显示文摘One hundred and sixty crabs(average initial weight:51.32±0.08 g)were fed with four experimental diets containing cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate(CPH)at 0%(CPH0,control),0.3%(CPH0.3),0.6%(CPH0.6),and 1.2%CPH(CPH1.2).The experiment results show that no difference was observed in specific growth rate and survival rate of crabs fed with CPH diet.Moisture content of crabs fed with CPH0.6 diet was significantly reduced than that of the CPH0 group.Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of crabs fed with CPH0.6 diet were significantly increased and the difference was not significant between the CPH0.3 and CPH0.6 groups.Malondialdehyde content of CPH0.3 group was significantly lower than that of the CPH0 group.Lysozyme,alkaline phosphatase,and acid phosphatase activities of CPH0.3 diet crabs were significantly higher than that of the CPH0 group.Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity of crabs fed with CPH0.3 diet was significantly decreased compared to the CPH0 group.The relative expression levels of Toll1,Toll2,MyD88,LITAF,and ILF-2 of crabs fed with CPH0.3 diet were significantly higher than that of the CPH0 group.The expression level of SOCS2 showed an opposite pattern.After CPH perfusion,the expression levels of SOCS2 and Toll1 in intestine at time 3 h and SOCS2 in hepatopancreas at time 18 h increased significantly to the highest value.The expression level of Toll2,MyD88,LITAF,decreased at times 6 h,6 h,12 h,respectively,then increased gradually.Therefore,supplementation of dietary CPH could improve antioxidant capacity and immune function;the appropriate supplement dosage of CPH for crab could be 0.3%-0.6%.Furthermore,the short-term CPH stimulation could significantly increase or decline the expression levels of immune-related genes at different times after CPH perfusion. | CHENG Huihui LIU Wenbin YUAN Xiangyang JIA Erteng ZHANG Dingdong JIANG Guangzhen | 2020 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2020，38，3： | 2 |
| 14 | Establishment of a molecular tool for blood meal identification in Malaysia显示文摘Objective:To establish a polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique based on cytochrome b {cytb) gene of mitochondria DNA(mtDNA) for blood meal identification.Methods:The PCR technique was established based on published information and validated using blood sample of laboratory animals of which their whole gene sequences are available in CenBank.PCR was next performed to compile gene sequences of different species of wild rodents.The primers used were complementary to the conserved region of the cytb gene of vertebrate's mtDNA.A total of 100 blood samples,both from laboratory animals and wild rodents were collected und analyzed.The obtained unknown sequences were compared with those in the GenBank database using BLAST program to identify the vertebrate animal species.Results:Gene sequences of 11 species of wild animals caught in 9 localities of Peninsular Malaysia were compiled using the established PCR. The animals involved were Rattus(rattus) tanezumi,Rattus tiomanicus,Leopoldamys sabanus, Tupaia glis,Tupaia minor,Niviventor cremoriventor,Rhinosciurus laticaudatus,Calloseiurus caniseps,Sundamys muelleri,Rattus rajah,and Maxomys whitelwadi.The BLAST results confirmed the host with exact or nearly exact matches(>89%identity).Ten new gene sequences have been deposited in CenBank database since September 2010.Conclusions:This study indicates that the PCR direct sequencing system using universal primer sets for vertebrate cytb gene is a promising technique for blood meal identification. | Ernieenor Faraliana Che Lah Mariana Ahamad Mohd Subail Haron Ho Tze Ming | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2012，2，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Effects of meal size and proximal-distal segmentation on gastric activity显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the effects of meal size and three segmentations on intragastric distribution of the meal and gastric motility,by scintigraphy.METHODS:Twelve healthy volunteers were randomly assessed,twice,by scintigraphy.The test meal consisted of 60 or 180 mL of yogurt labeled with 64 MBq 99m Tc-tin colloid.Anterior and posterior dynamic frames were simultaneously acquired for 18 min and all data were analyzed in MatLab.Three proximal-distal segmentations using regions of interest were adopted for both meals.RESULTS:Intragastric distribution of the meal between the proximal and distal compartments was strongly influenced by the way in which the stomach was divided,showing greater proximal retention after the 180 mL.An important finding was that both dominant frequencies (1 and 3 cpm) were simultaneously recorded in the proximal and distal stomach;however,the power ratio of those dominant frequencies varied in agreement with the segmentation adopted and was independent of the meal size.CONCLUSION:It was possible to simultaneously evaluate the static intragastric distribution and phasic contractility from the same recording using our scintigraphic approach. | Madileine F Américo Marjorie V Ietsugu Fernando G Romeiro Luciana A Corá Ricardo B Oliveira José Ricardo A Miranda | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，46： | 1 |
| 16 | Advances in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cannulation显示文摘Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatobiliary diseases.A critical step in this procedure is deep cannulation of the bile duct as failure of cannulation generally results in an aborted procedure and failed intervention.Expert endoscopists usually achieve a high rate of successful cannulation while those less experienced typically have a much lower rate and a greater incidence of complications.Prolonged attempts at cannulation can result in significant morbidity to patients,anxiety for endoscopists,unnecessary radiation exposure and inefficient patient care.Here we review the most common endoscopic techniques used to achieve selective biliary cannulation.Pharmacologic aids to cannulation are also discussed briefly in this review. | Emad Qayed Ashley L Reid Field F Willingham Steve Keilin | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，4： | 1 |
| 17 | 基于碳排放约束的需求预测与订货批量决策显示文摘在给定碳排放约束条件下,将需求预测的移动平均法、指数平滑法与Wagner-Wthin、Silver-Meal两种动态批量算进行组合分析,并对库存持有成本、单位碳排放费用、固定订货成本和固定订货碳排放量等相关参数进行基于算法的灵敏度分析,发现移动平均法预测和Wagner-Within动态批量算法组合下的总成本最小。 | 吕飞 胡超 易东波 谢达胜 郑玉佳 | 2017 | 南昌工程学院学报2017，36，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Calibration curve and support vector regression methods applied for quantification of cement raw meal using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy显示文摘Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is a qualitative and quantitative analytical technique with great potential in the cement industrial analysis. Calibration curve(CC) and support vector regression(SVR) methods coupled with LIBS technology were applied for the quantification of three types of cement raw meal samples to compare their analytical concentration range and the ability to reduce matrix effects, respectively. To reduce the effects of fluctuations of the pulse-to-pulse, the unstable ablation and improve the reproducibility, all of the analysis line intensities were normalized on a per-detector basis. The prediction results of the elements of interest in the three types of samples, Ca, Si, Fe, Al, Mg, Na, K and Ti, were compared with the results of the wet chemical analysis. The average relative error(ARE),relative standard deviation(RSD) and root mean squared error of prediction(RMSEP) were employed to investigate and evaluate the prediction accuracy and stability of the two prediction methods. The maximum average ARE of the CC and SVR methods is 34.62% instead of 6.13%,RSD is 40.89% instead of 7.60% and RMSEP is 1.34% instead of 0.43%. The results show that SVR method can accurately analyze samples within a wider concentration range and reduce the matrix effects, and LIBS coupled with it for a rapid, stable and accurate quantification of different types of cement raw meal samples is promising. | 贾军伟 付洪波 侯宗余 王华东 倪志波 董凤忠 | 2019 | Plasma Science and Technology2019，21，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Phytochemical, anti nutrient, invitro-protein digestibility and functional properties of (Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile) Aduwa protein meals, Protein Concentrate and Isolate显示文摘Background:Protein meals,Concentrate and Isolates are widely use as bioactive ingredients in functional food.In this study,the effect of toasting of Aduwa(Balanites aegyptiaca)seed on the phytochemicals,Anti nutrient,in vitro protein digestibility and functional properties of Aduwa Protein Meals,Protein Concentrate and Isolate were investigated.Methods:Aduwa seeds toasted at 70°C to make Aduwa protein meal(APM)yield extensive resolved biomaterials.The meal were resolved into DAPM,APC and API.Results:Phytochemicals analysis revealed reduction as APM sample is being resolved to protein concentrate and isolate.Similar trend was also observed in Anti-nutrients content significant reduction as material meal are resolved into protein concentrate and isolate.The in-vitro protein digestibility showed that APM(59.81%)and API(76.41%)had high percentage protein digestibility.Functional properties declined as meals materials were been resolved into protein concentrate and isolate.Swelling capacity revealed that resolved and unresolved samples leached biomolecules.Conclusion:The results obtained showed nutritional potential,and safety of biomaterials from Aduwa meals,an alternative food ingredient for protein supplementation. | Akama Friday Ogori Abraham Tertenger Girgih Micheal Ojotu Eke Joseph Oneh Abu Akinsola Albert Famuwagun | 2022 | Food Therapy and Health Care2022，4，2： | 1 |
| 20 | B型超声波与X线钡餐检查联合应用对小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的诊断价值显示文摘[背景]探讨B型超声波与X线钡餐检查联合应用在小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄诊断中的临床价值.[病例报告]给175例先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的患儿进行B型超声波和X线钡餐检查,B型超声波检查测量幽门管长度、宽度及幽门肌厚度,X线钡餐检查观察对比剂透过食道和胃部情况,适时摄取X线检查片,并与手术所见进行比较.用B型超声波与X线钡餐2种检查联合应用诊断小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄未见假阳性.[讨论]2种检查结合具有互补性,可提高术前诊断的准确性. | 陈俊 张小军 李黎 左维嵩 | 2010 | 延边大学医学学报2010，33，3： | 1 |
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