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| 1 | Cryospheric Science: research framework and disciplinary system显示文摘Cryospheric changes and their impacts have received increasing concern, extending the research to include the interactions between earth spheres and the impacts of and social adaptation to cryospheric changes. As a result, Cryospheric Science is rapidly developing. However, the research framework of Cryospheric Science has not completely been set up, and the intension and extension of Cryospheric Science are unclear.Following a literature review, the research framework for Cryospheric Science and the discipline components are analysed in this paper. We consider that Cryospheric Science is an inevitable product of international research on the earth and environmental changes as well as on human sustainable development. It will not only strengthen the linkage between the cryosphere and other earth spheres by deepening traditional research areas, but will also bring more focus on the critical roles of the cryosphere in interactions between earth spheres, and will enhance the relationship between cryospheric change and climate, ecology, hydrology, surface environment and sustainable development. The disciplinary tree of Cryospheric Science is developed following the mainstream of change-impacts adaptation. The disciplines of Cryospheric Science were teased out against characteristics of traditional branches and the developing interdisciplinary branches of cryosphere elements, which will provide reference to Cryospheric Science as it systematically grows to maturity. | Dahe Qin Yongjian Ding Cunde Xiao Shichang Kang Jianwen Ren Jianping Yang Shiqiang Zhang | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，2： | 42 |
| 2 | Global warming weakening the inherent stability of glaciers and permafrost显示文摘The Cryosphere has been undergoing a worldwide retreat, as seen in the decrease in the areal extent and volume of glaciers and in the areal extent of permafrost. This paper presents a systematic examination of the inherent stability changes of glaciers and permafrost caused by warming. Various study results suggest that over the past 30 years, the internal temperature of glaciers and permafrost exhibits an overall accelerating warming trend. The warming rate peaked in the mid-2000s and slowed slightly for several years afterward. In recent years, however, the warming rate has seemed to pick up again. The warming of glaciers and permafrost has exerted great impact on their stability, displayed as intensified melting,increased glacier surging, enlargement of supraglacial lakes, and increased permafrost degradation.Even without a future temperature increase, some glaciers will continue to shrink, and the number of surging glaciers will increase. The transition from low-temperature to high-temperature permafrost is a noticeable warning sign of a comprehensive degradation of permafrost. These results indicate that‘‘warming' glaciers and permafrost will exert significant impacts on the hydrology, ecology, and stability of engineering in cold regions. | Yongjian Ding Shiqiang Zhang Lin Zhao Zhongqin Li Shichang Kang | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，4： | 37 |
| 3 | Warming changes plant competitive hierarchy in a temperate steppe in northern China显示文摘Aims Quantifying changes in plant growth and interspecific interactions,both of which can alter dominance of plant species,will facilitate explanation and projection of the shifts in species composition and community structure in terrestrial biomes expected under global warming.We used an experimental warming treatment to examine the potential influence of global warming on plant growth and interspecific interactions in a temperate steppe in northern China.Materials and methods Six dominant plant species were grown in monoculture and all 15 two-species mixtures for one growing season under ambient and elevated temperatures in the field.Temperature was manipulated with infrared radiators.Important findings Total biomass of all the six plant species was increased by 34–63%in monocultures and 20–76%in mixtures.The magnitude of the warming effect on biomass was modified by plant interactions.Experimental warming changed the hierarchies of both competitive response and competitive effect.The competitive ability(in terms of response and effect)of one C4 grass(Pennisetum centrasiaticum)was suppressed,while the competitive abilities of one C3 forb(Artemisia capillaris)and one C3 grass(Stipa krylovii)were enhanced by experimental warming.The demonstrated alterations in growth and plant interactions may lead to changes in community structure and biodiversity in the temperate steppe in a warmer world in the future. | Shuli Niu Shiqiang Wan | 2008 | Journal of Plant Ecology2008，1，2： | 31 |
| 4 | UKF-based multi-sensor passive tracking with active assistance显示文摘A new synergy tracking method of infrared and ra dar is presented. To improve tracking accuracy, the unscented Kalman filter (UKF ), which has better nonlinear approximation ability, is adopted. In addition, to reduce the possibility of radar being locked-on by adverse electronic support measure (ESM), radar is under the intermittent-working state. After radar is tu rned off, the possible target position is estimated by a set of time polynomials , which is constructed based on the sufficient observations done before radar is turned off, the estimated values from time polynomials are compared with the cu rrent observation values from infrared to determine the time when radar is turne d on. Simulation results show the method has a good tracking accuracy and effect ively reduces the possibility of radar being locked-on by adverse ESM. | Li Anping Jing Zhongliang Hu Shiqiang | 2006 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2006，17，2： | 20 |
| 5 | Smart manufacturing systems for Industry 4.0: Conceptual framework, scenarios, and future perspectives显示文摘 | Pai ZHENG Honghui WANG Zhiqian SANG Ray Y. ZHONG Yongkui LIU Chao LIU Khamdi MUBAROK Shiqiang YU Xun XU | 2018 | Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering2018，13，2： | 19 |
| 6 | Global patterns of the responses of leaf-level photosynthesis and respiration in terrestrial plants to experimental warming显示文摘Aims The balance between leaf photosynthesis and respiration of terrestrial plants determines the net carbon(C)gain by vegetation and consequently is important to climate–C cycle feedback.This study is to reveal the global patterns of the responses of leaf-level net photosynthesis and dark respiration to elevated temperature.Methods Data for leaf-level net photosynthesis rate(P_(n))and dark respiration rate(R_(d))in natural terrestrial plant species with standard deviation(or standard error or confidence interval)and sample size were collected from searched literatures on Web of Science.Then a metaanalysis was conducted to estimate the effects of experimental warming on leaf-level P_(n) and R_(d) of terrestrial plants.Important findings Across all the plants included in the analysis,warming enhanced P_(n) and R_(d) significantly by 6.13 and 33.14%,respectively.However,the responses were plant functional type(PFT)specific.Specifically,photosynthesis of C_(4) herbs responded to experimental warming positively but that of C_(3) herbs did not,whereas their respiratory responses were similar,suggesting C_(4) plants would benefit more from warming.The photosynthetic response declined linearly with increasing ambient temperature.The respiratory responses linearly enhanced with the increase in warming magnitude.In addition,a thermal acclimation of R_(d),instead of P_(n),was observed.Although greater proportion of fixed C was consumed(greater R_(d)/P_(n) ratio),warming significantly enhanced the daily net C balance at the leaf level.This provides an important mechanism for the positive responses of plant biomass and net primary productivity to warming.Overall,the findings,including the contrastive responses of different PFTs and the enhancement in daily leaf net C balance,are important for improving model projection of the climate–C cycle feedback. | Junyi Liang Jianyang Xia Lingli Liu Shiqiang Wan | 2013 | Journal of Plant Ecology2013，6，6： | 18 |
| 7 | Vision,application scenarios,and key technology trends for 6G mobile communications显示文摘With the global commercialization of the fifth-generation(5G)network,many countries,including China,USA,European countries,Japan,and Korea,have started exploring 6G mobile communication network,following the tradition of“planning the next while commercializing one generation”.Currently,studies on 6G networks are at the infancy stage.Research on the vision and requirements for 6G is still ongoing,and the industry is yet to clarify the key enabling technologies for 6G.However,6G will certainly build on the success of 5G.Therefore,developing high-quality 5G networks and seamlessly integrating 5G with verticals are the priorities before 2030,when 6G is projected to be commercialized.Also,global 5G standards will keep evolving to better support vertical applications.As a milestone,the Third-Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)published Release 16 in July 2020,which continuously enhanced the capabilities of mobile broadband service based on Release 15 and realized the support for low-delay and high-reliability applications,such as Internet of Vehicles and industrial Internet.Currently,3GPP is working on Releases 17 and 18,focusing on meeting the demands of medium-and high-data-rate machine communication with low-cost and high-precision positioning,which will be published in June 2022.Thus,6G networks will further expand the application fields and scope of the Internet of Things to accommodate those services and applications that are beyond the capabilities of 5G networks.Herein,we present our vision,application scenarios,and key technological trends for 6G networks.Furthermore,we propose several future research opportunities in 6G networks with regard to industrialization and standardization. | Zhiqin WANG Ying DU Kejun WEI Kaifeng HAN Xiaoyan XU Guiming WEI Wen TONG Peiying ZHU Jianglei MA Jun WANG Guangjian WANG Xueqiang YAN Jiying XIANG He HUANG Ruyue LI Xinhui WANG Yingmin WANG Shaohui SUN Shiqiang SUO Qiubin GAO Xin SU | 2022 | Science China(Information Sciences)2022，65，5： | 17 |
| 8 | Glacier runoff variation and its influence on river runoff during 1961–2006 in the Tarim River Basin, China显示文摘Using monthly precipitation and temperature data from national meteorological stations, 90 m resolution DEM and a digital vector map of modern glaciers from the Chinese Glacier Inventory, the glacier mass balance and glacier runoff in the Tarim River Basin (TRB), China, were estimated based on a monthly degree-day model for 1961–2006. The results suggest that the modified monthly degree-day model can simulate the long-term changes in glacier mass balance and glacier runoff, which have been confirmed by short-term observation data and other results in literatures. The characteristics and trends of mass balance and glacier runoff variation were analyzed. It was found that the mean annual glacier mass balance during 1961–2006 was ?139.2 mm per year and the cumulative mass balance over the 46 year period was ?6.4 m in the TRB. The glacier mass balance displayed a clear decreasing trend over the entire TRB during 1961–2006. The average annual glacier runoff in the TRB was 144.16×108 m3 for 1961–2006. The results also show that glacier runoff has increased in the last 46 years, especially since the 1990s with 85.7% of the increased river flow being derived from the increased glacier runoff caused by loss of ice mass. Over the entire TRB, glacier runoff accounts for 41.5% of the total river flow during 1961–2006. The impact of glacier runoff on river flow has increased in the TRB as a result of glacier shrinkage. | Xin Gao BaiSheng Ye ShiQiang Zhang ChengJun Qiao XiaoWen Zhang | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，6： | 16 |
| 9 | Gastrodin promotes the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the injured spinal cord显示文摘Gastrodin, an active component of tall gastrodia tuber, is widely used in the treatment of dizziness, paralysis, epilepsy, stroke and dementia, and exhibits a neuroprotective effect. A rat model of spinal cord injury was established using Allen's method, and gastrodin was administered via the subarachnoid cavity and by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days. Results show that gastrodin promoted the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats with spinal cord injury. After gastrodin treatment, the maximum angle of the inclined plane test, and the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores increased. Moreover, gastrodin improved neural tissue recovery in the injured spinal cord. These results demonstrate that gastrodin promotes the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, contributes to the recovery of neurological function, and protects neural cells against injury. | Changwei Song Shiqiang Fang Gang Lv Xifan Mei | 2013 | Neural Regeneration Research2013，8，15： | 16 |
| 10 | Heavy Metal Runoff in Relation to Soil Characteristics显示文摘Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg runoff from yellow limestone soil and purple soils and the relationships between the mobility of the heavy metals and the soil characteristics were studied in laboratory using a rainfall simulator. The results showed that the concentrations of soluble Zn in surface runoff were significantly negatively correlated with the contents of <0.002 mm particles and CEC of the soils, indicating that Zn was mostly adsorbed by clays in the soils. The contents of Cu and Hg in surface runoff were positively related to their contents in the soils. The amounts of Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg removed by surface runoff were influenced by the amounts of soil and water losses and their contents in the soils, and were closely related to the contents of soil particles 1-0.02 mm in size. | ZHAO XIULAN, QING CHANGLE and WEI SHIQIANG College Of Resources and Environmental Science, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716 (china) | 2001 | Pedosphere2001，11，2： | 16 |
| 11 | Enhancing both selectivity and coking-resistance of a single-atom Pd1/C3N4 catalyst for acetylene hydrogenation显示文摘选择加氢是在化学升级的一个重要工业催化过程,在因为他们的高加氢活动,基于 Pd 的催化剂广泛地被使用的地方。然而,因为重焦炭形成,差的选择和短催化剂一生是主要担心。在这个工作,原子地驱散 Pd 原子成功地在 graphitic 碳氮化物上被综合(g-C 3 用原子层免职的 N 4) 。没有 Pd nanoparticle (NP ) ,改正错误的高角度的环形的黑暗地的扫描传播电子显微镜学(HAADF 茎) 证实了孤立的 Pd 原子的主导的存在形成。在在过量乙烯的乙炔的选择加氢期间, g-C 3 N 4-supported Pd NP 催化剂比常规 Pd/Al 2 O 3 和 Pd/SiO 2 催化剂。在原处, X 光检查光致核裂变光谱学表明可观的费用从 Pd NP 转到 g-C 3 N 4 多半在催化表演改进起一个重要作用。更给人深刻印象地,单个原子的 Pd 1/C3 N 4 催化剂展出了两种更高的乙烯选择和更高的 coking 抵抗。我们的工作证明单个原子的 Pd 催化剂是在加氢反应改进选择和焦炭抵抗的一个有希望的候选人。 | Xiaohui Huang Yujia Xia Yuanjie Cao Xusheng Zheng Haibin Pan Junfa Zhu Chao Ma Hengwei Wang Junjie Li Rui You Shiqiang Wei Weixin Huang Junling Lu | 2017 | Nano Research2017，10，4： | 16 |
| 12 | Plastic deformation analysis and forming quality prediction of tube N C bending显示文摘Plane strain assumption and exponent hardening law are used to investigate the plastic deformation in tube bending. Some theoretical formulae including stress, curvature radius of neutral layer, angle of neutral layer deviation, bending moment, wall thickness variation and crosssection distortion, are developed to explain the phenomena in tube bending and their magnitudes are also determined. During unloading process, the springback angle is deduced using the virtual work principle, and springback radius is also given according to the length of the neutral layer which remains unchanged before and after springback. The theoretical formulae are validated by the experimental results or the validated simulation results in literature, which can be used to quickly predict the forming quality of tube numerical control(NC) bending. | Lu Shiqiang Fang Jun Wang Kelu | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2016，29，5： | 15 |
| 13 | Foreword to the special issue:looking into the impacts of global warming from the roof of the world显示文摘To most people,the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a place full of mystery.It is also mysterious to many ecologists.The vast central Asian plateau lies at an average elevation>4000 m and covers about 370 million km2.Spanning the highest range of elevations of any ecosystem in the world makes the plateau unique even among alpine ecosystems due to the presence of extreme abiotic environments:the lowest atmospheric pressure and thus,the lowest partial pressures of CO_(2) and O_(2),low temperatures and high levels of radiation,including high ultraviolet radiation. | Yanhong Tang Shiqiang Wan Jinsheng He Xinquan Zhao | 2009 | Journal of Plant Ecology2009，2，4： | 11 |
| 14 | Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine with Triisobutyl Phosphate in Ionic Liquid and Kerosene显示文摘 | GAO Daolin YU Xiaoping GUO Yafei WANG Shiqiang LIU Mingming DENG Tianlong CHEN Yuwei BELZILE Nelson | 2015 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2015，31，4： | 10 |
| 15 | NEW EQUATIONS OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT RATE显示文摘NEWEQUATIONSOFSEDIMENTTRANSPORTRATEWANGShiqiang;ZHANGRenandHUIYujia(ProfDept.ofHydraulicEngrg.TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing,Chin... | WANG Shiqiang ZHANG Ren and HUI Yujia( Dept.of Hydraulic Engrg.Tsinghua University,Beijing,China)( Dept of Hydraulic Engrg..Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)( Dept.of Hydraulic Engrg.Tsinghua University, Beijing, China) | 1995 | International Journal of Sediment Research1995，10，3： | 10 |
| 16 | Recent developments of large diameter X80 UOE line pipes显示文摘High-strength pipeline steel and large diameter line pipes are often used to increase the capacity of transportation and reduce the cost associated with the construction and operation of long-distance gas pipeline projects. China's initiatives to construct long-distance natural gas pipelines has brought in new opportunities for the development of X80 line pipes. Baosteel has designed the optimum chemical composition of X80 with high niobium and low molybdenum content. In addition,a welding experimental platform and a finite element model(FEM) have supported the development of X80 UOE pipes in an efficient and economical way. The application and recent development of X80 UOE pipes were introduced in this paper. To comply with the requirements of the Second West-East Gas Pipeline Project(2ndWEPP),X80 pipeline steel with low carbon bainite microstructure was developed by utilizing the optimized composition and TMCP process. The matching welding material,welding procedure and UOE forming processes for 1219mm outside diameter X80 UOE pipes were also developed. More than 340000 t of X80 UOE pipes were produced and applied in the 2ndWEPP. Furthermore,to meet the prospective demand for long-distance gas pipelines with an annual transportation capacity of over 40 billion m3,larger size X80UOE pipes with 1 422 mm OD × 30. 8 mm WT were trial produced recently. DWTT performance,the main technical challenge for heavier wall pipes,was improved by using optimized microstructural design. The newly developed X80 pipes can be potentially used for larger transportation capacity pipelines in China. | ZHANG Chuanguo ZHENG Lei XIE Shiqiang ZHANG Bei HAN Jianzeng QIAN Weifang | 2014 | Baosteel Technical Research2014，8，2： | 9 |
| 17 | Start-up current adaptive control for sensorless high-speed brushless DC motors based on inverse system method and internal mode controller显示文摘The start-up current control of the high-speed brushless DC(HS-BLDC) motor is a challenging research topic. To effectively control the start-up current of the sensorless HS-BLDC motor, an adaptive control method is proposed based on the adaptive neural network(ANN)inverse system and the two degrees of freedom(2-DOF) internal model controller(IMC). The HS-BLDC motor is identified by the online least squares support vector machine(OLS-SVM) algorithm to regulate the ANN inverse controller parameters in real time. A pseudo linear system is developed by introducing the constructed real-time inverse system into the original HS-BLDC motor system. Based on the characteristics of the pseudo linear system, an extra closed-loop feedback control strategy based on the 2-DOF IMC is proposed to improve the transient response performance and enhance the stability of the control system. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control method is effective and perfect start-up current tracking performance is achieved. | He Yanzhao Zheng Shiqiang Fang Jiancheng | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2017，30，1： | 9 |
| 18 | Preliminary investigation of phosphorus adsorption onto two types of iron oxide-organic matter complexes显示文摘Iron oxide(FeO)coated by natural organic matter(NOM)is ubiquitous.The associations of minerals with organic matter(OM)significantly changes their surface properties and reactivity,and thus affect the environmental fate of pollutants,including nutrients(e.g.,phosphorus(P)).In this study,ferrihydrite/goethite-humic acid(FH/GE–HA)complexes were prepared and their adsorption characteristics on P at various p H and ionic strength were investigated.The results indicated that the Fe O–OM complexes showed a decreased P adsorption capacity in comparison with bare Fe O.The maximum adsorption capacity(Q_(max))decreased in the order of FH(22.17 mg/g)>FH-HA(5.43 mg/g)>GE(4.67 mg/g)>GE-HA(3.27 mg/g).After coating with HA,the amorphous FH–HA complex still showed higher P adsorption than the crystalline GE–HA complex.The decreased P adsorption observed might be attributed to changes of the Fe O surface charges caused by OM association.The dependence of P adsorption on the specific surface area of adsorbents suggests that the Fe O component in the complexes is still the main contributor for the adsorption surfaces.The P adsorptions on Fe O–HA complexes decreased with increasing initial p H or decreasing initial ionic strength.A strong dependence of P adsorption on ionic strength and p H may demonstrate that outer-sphere complexes between the OM component on the surface and P possibly coexist with inner-sphere surface complexes between the Fe O component and P.Therefore,previous over-emphasis on the contributions of original minerals to P immobilization possibly over-estimates the P loading capacity of soils,especially in humic-rich areas. | Jinlong Yan Tao Jiang Ying Yao Song Lu Qilei Wang Shiqiang Wei | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，4： | 9 |
| 19 | Calcium ion as cellular messenger显示文摘The prominent role Ca2+ion plays as a major small biological messenger is fascinating.There are many physiologically important ions,such as Na+,K+,H+,Cl?,Ca2+,Mg2+,Fe3+,and PO43?that participate in cell signaling.Among them,monovalent ions primarily contribute to rapid electrical signaling,while multivalent ions generally act as a co-factor for chemical reactions by associating with the host molecule through electrostatic or covalent interactions.Ca2+plays both roles.Its transmembrane influx supports the plateau phase of cardiac action potential and helps set the speed of pacemaker potential.Inside the cell。 | ZHENG Jie ZENG XuHui WANG ShiQiang | 2015 | Science China(Life Sciences)2015，58，1： | 8 |
| 20 | Analysis and application of the scale effect of flood discharge atomization model显示文摘The phenomenon of discharge atomization occurs as hydraulic structures discharging,which influences the safety of power station,electrical equipment and produces environmental pollution.A series of physical model tests and feedback analysis are adapted to preliminarily study the scale effect of discharge atomization model by use of the field observation data of discharge atomization.The effect of Re and We numbers of flow on the atomization intensity is analyzed.A conversion relationship of atomization intensity between prototype and model results and the similarity criteria of the atomization range are developed. The conclusion is that the surface tension of discharge atomization model could be ignored when the Weber number is larger than 500.Some case studies are given by use of the similitude criteria of the atomization model. | WU ShiQiang 1,WU XiuFeng 1,2,ZHOU Hui 1,CHEN HuiLing 1,SHA HaiFei 1 & ZHOU Jie 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China 2 Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，S1： | 8 |
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