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| 1 | Variations of sulfur and carbon isotopes in seawater during the Doushantuo stage in late Neoproterozoic显示文摘Successive analyses of sulfur and carbon isotopic compositions of carbonates strata in the Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze area were accomplished through a method of extracting trace sulfate from carbonates. Sulfur and carbon isotopic compositions of coeval seawater were estimated from the samples that show the least diagenetic alteration. A high-resolution age curve of sulfur isotopes in seawater sulfates was obtained in the Doushantuo stage, which reflects the trend of variation in seawater sulfur isotopes after the Neoproterozoic snowball Earth event. Similar characteristics of variation in carbon isotopes were observed in the coeval carbonates. A large positive d 34S excursion over +20?occurs in ancient seawater sulfates in the early Doushantuo stage. Simultaneously, the d 13C values in ancient seawater carbonates exhibit a positive excursion up to 10. The maximum d 34S and d 13C values are +46.4 and +6.9? respectively. In the middle Doushantuo stage, the range of variation in d 34S values of seawater is relatively narrow, but d 13C values are quite high. Then, d 34S values of seawater become oscillating, and the same occurs in d 13C values. Negative excursions in d 34S and d 13C values occur simultaneously at the end of the Doushantuo stage, and the minimum d 34S and d 13C values dropped down to -10.1 and -5.7? respectively. The characteristics of variations in the sulfur and carbon isotopes of ancient seawater imply strong changes in oceanic environment that became beneficial to inhabitation and propagation of organism. The organic productivity and burial rate of organic carbon once reached a quite high level during the Doushantuo stage. However, the state of environment became unstable after the global glaciation. The global climate and environment possibly were fluctuating and reiterating. The negative excursions in d 34S and d 13C values occurring at the end of the Doushantuo stage may represent a global event, which might be related to oxidation of deep seawater. | ZHANG Tonggang, CHU Xuelei, ZHANG Qirui, FENG Lianjun & HUO Weiguo Key Lab of Mineral Resources Exploration and Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，13： | 21 |
| 2 | Carbon isotopic variations of Proterozoic carbonates in Jixian, Tianjin, China显示文摘Along the Proterozoic stratigraphic sections of Jixian, Tianjin, the ??13C values of carbonates are mostly negative in the Changchengian (Changcheng System), varying approximately within a range of (0±1)‰ in the Jixianian (Jixian System), and have commonly positive values of (2±2)‰ in the Qingbaikouan (Qingbaikou System). From Chuanlinggou Formation to Dahongyu Formation, i.e. from ca. 1700 Ma to 1600 Ma, the δ13C values of carbonates increase from about -3‰ to 0‰, but oscillate with large excursion in Dahongyu Formation. Two large excursions occur in the Jixianian, one in Yangzhuang Formation and the other in the third submember of Wumishan Formation overlaying. These integrated and continuous records of carbon isotope reflect secular variations of δ13C value in ancient seawater from ca. 1700 Ma to ca. 800 Ma. The increase and subsequent oscillation of seawater δ13C value occurring from the ages of ca. 1700 to ca. 1600 Ma and <1300 Ma may signify two correlative global tectonic events. | CHU Xuelei, ZHANG Tonggang, ZHANG Qirui, FENG Lianjun & ZHANG Fusong1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Key Laboratory for Mineral Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China Correspondence should be addressed to Chu Xuelei (email: xlchu@mail.c-geos.ac.cn) | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，2： | 13 |
| 3 | Realization of population inversion between 7S_(1/2) and 6P_(3/2) levels of cesium for four-level active optical clock显示文摘We demonstrate experimentally the population inversion between 7S1/2 and 6P3/2 levels of cesium in thermal cesium cell with a 455.5 nm pumping laser.We calculate the relative population probabilities at each level theoretically with the density matrix method.In a steady state,5.8% atoms are at 7S1/2 level and 2.9% at 6P3/2 level,which builds up the population inversion between the two levels.We obtain the fluorescence spectra produced in thermal cesium cell in our experiment.The measured relative intensity of each available fluorescence spectral line in the experiment agrees very well with the theoretical result.The demonstrated population inversion between 7S1/2 and 6P3/2 levels can be used to construct an active optical clock of four-level system with a wavelength of 1469.9 nm. | WANG YanFei WANG DongYing ZHANG TongGang HONG YeLong ZHANG ShengNan TAO ZhiMing XIE XiaoPeng CHEN JingBiao | 2013 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2013，56，6： | 6 |
| 4 | Active optical clock based on four-level quantum system显示文摘Active optical clock,a new conception of atomic clock,has been proposed recently.In this work,we propose a scheme of active optical clock based on four-level quantum system.The final accuracy and stability of two-level quantum system are limited by second-order Doppler shift of thermal atomic beam.To three-level quantum system,they are mainly limited by light shift of pumping laser field.These limitations can be avoided effectively by applying the scheme proposed here.Rubidium atom four-level quantum system,as a typical example,is discussed.The population inversion between 6S 1/2 and 5P 3/2 states can be built up at a time scale of 10-6 s.With the mechanism of active optical clock,in which the cavity mode linewidth is much wider than that of the laser gain profile,it can output a laser with quantum-limited linewidth narrower than 1 Hz in theory.An experimental configuration is designed to realize this active optical clock. | ZHANG TongGang WANG YanFei ZANG XiaoRun ZHUANG Wei CHEN JingBiao | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，18： | 6 |
| 5 | Feedforward control for nitrogen removal in a pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic plant for municipal wastewater treatment显示文摘To improve the efficiency of nitrogen removalwith lower energy consumption,the study of feedforwardcontrol was carried out on a pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxicoxic(AAO)plant for the treatment of municipal wastewater.The effluent qualities of the pilot plant underdifferent control strategies were investigated.The resultsindicated that the change of external recycle was not asuitable approach to regulate the sludge concentration ofplug-flow reactors;adjusting the aeration valve anddissolved oxygen set-point according to ammonia loadcould overcome the impact of influent fluctuation;and thedenitrification potential could be estimated based on thetransit time of anoxic zone and the relative content ofcarbon resource entering the anoxic zone.Simple feedforwardcontrol strategies for aeration and internal recyclewere subsequently proposed and validated.The nitrogenremoval was successfully improved in the pilot plant.Theeffluent total nitrogen had decreased by 29.9%and wassteadily controlled below 15 mg·L^(-1).Furthermore,approximately 38%of the energy for aeration had beensaved. | Tonggang SHEN Hanchang SHI Huiming SHI He JING Huilei XIONG | 2011 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2011，5，1： | 3 |
| 6 | High-resolution carbon isotopic records from the Ordovician of South China: Links to climatic cooling and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE)显示文摘 | Tonggang Zhang Yanan Shen Thomas J. Algeo | 2010 | Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology2010，，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Dithiol treatments enhancing the efficiency of hybrid solar cells based on PTB7 and CdSe nanorods显示文摘We report the fabrication of polymer/inorganic hybrid solar cells (HSCs) based on CdSe nanorods (NRs) and the semiconducting polymer PTB7. The power conversion efficiency of HSCs can be significantly enhanced by engineering the polymer/nanocrystal interface with ethanedithiol (EDT) and 1,4-benzenedithiol (1,4-BDT) treatments and reached 2.58% and 2.79%, respectively. These results were preferable to that of a pyridine-coated NR-based device (1.75%). This improvement was attributed to the thiol groups of EDT and 1,4-BDT, which can tightly coordinate the Cd ions to form Cd-thialate on CdSe NR surfaces, thereby effectively passivating the NR surface and reducing the active layer defects. Therefore, the rate of exciton generation and dissociation was enhanced and led to the improvement of the device performance. | Weining Luo Tonggang Jiu Chaoyang Kuang Bairu Li Fushen Lu Junfeng Fang | 2015 | Nano Research2015，8，9： | 2 |
| 8 | Design optimization of seal structure for sealing liquid by magnetic fluids 显示文摘 | Liu Tonggang Cheng Yusheng Yang Zhiyi | 2005 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2005，289，： | 1 |
| 9 | The role of calcium, P38 MAPK in dihydroartemisinin-induced apoptosis of lung cancer PC-14 cells显示文摘 | Deguang Mu Wei Zhang Dongling Chu Tonggang Liu Yonghong Xie Enqing Fu Faguang Jin | 2008 | Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology2008，，4： | 1 |
| 10 | A new class of approach for hybrid inorganic/organic materials containing semiconductor显示文摘 | Tonggang Jiu Huibiao Liu Haiyang Gan | 2005 | ZnO Synthetic Metals2005，148，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Graphdiyne Oxide Modified NiO_(x) for Enhanced Charge Extraction in Inverted Planar MAPbI_(3) Perovskite Solar Cells显示文摘The interface defects and nickel vacancies of the NiO_(x)lead to interface charge recombination,which limits its application in perovskite solar cells.Here,graphdiyne oxide(GDYO)was added to NiO_(x)as an inorganic hole transporting material.It is found that the average carrier lifetime declined from 29.2 ns to 5.4 ns and the recombination resistance increased significantly after the GDYO adding determined by the time-resolved photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis.We further demonstrated that the GDYO adding to NiO_(x)effectively improved the charge extraction,accelerated the charge transportation and suppressed the charge recombination.Consequently,the optimized NiO_(x)(GDYO)-based cell showed superior performance with a higher fill factor(81.99%)and improved stability with respect to the reference device.This method provides a new method for property regulation of NiO_(x)in inverted planar MAPbI_(3) perovskite solar cells. | TANG Jin ZHAO Min CAI Xu LIU Le LI Xiaofang JIU Tonggang | 2021 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2021，37，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Design optimization of seal structure for sealing liquid by magnetic fluids显示文摘 | Liu Tonggang Yang Zhiyi | 2005 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2005，289，： | 1 |
| 13 | Predicting soil respiration using carbon stock in roots, litter and soil organic matter in forests of Loess Plateau in China显示文摘 | Zhiyong Zhou Zhiqiang Zhang Tonggang Zha Zhongkui Luo Jingming Zheng Osbert Jianxin Sun | 2013 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry2013，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Fiber Bragg grating and its application in external cavity semiconductor laser显示文摘 | Lili Wang Jianhua Ren Hongguang Li Tonggang Zhao Qingfeng Xu Xinhua Chang Lingling Zhao | 2012 | Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics2012，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Graphdiyne oxide doping for aggregation control of hole-transportnanolayer in inverted perovskite solar cells显示文摘The strong aggregation tendency of hole transport material poly[3-(4-carboxylbutyl)thiophene-K(P3CT-K)restricts its further application in inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,we report an effective strategy to address this issue and achieve the superior performance of inverted methylammonium lead triiodide(MAPbI3)PSCs,in which graphdiyne oxide(GDYO)doped P3CT-K nanocomposites are applied as the hole transport nanolayer(HTL).It is revealed that the strongπ–πstacking interaction occurs between GDYO and P3CT-K,which is proved by the blue shift of the absorption peak of P3CT-K nanolayer.The aggregation control via GDYO contributes to the property improvement of P3CT-K HTL.Moreover,the homogeneous coverage induces the growth of perovskite grain with larger size than that based on the undoped one.As a result,the optimized surface morphology,enhanced conductivity,charge extraction as well as better crystal quality,finally improve the device performance.An optimal power conversion efficiency of 19.06%is achieved,with simultaneously improved fill factor and short circuit current density.This work presents the potential of functional graphdiyne(GDY)in the development of highly efficient photovoltaic device. | Xu Cai Jin Tang Min Zhao Le Liu Zhibin Yu Jiajia Du Ling Bai Fushen Lu Tonggang Jiu Yuliang Li | 2022 | Nano Research2022，15，11： | 1 |
| 16 | A new method for debris flow detection using multi-temporal DEMs without ground control points显示文摘 | Tonggang Zhang Minyi Cen Guoqing Zhou Xinghua Wu | 2006 | International Journal of Remote Sensing2006，，21： | 1 |
| 17 | The role of calcium, P38 MAPK in dihydroartemisinin-induced apoptosis of lung cancer PC-14 cells显示文摘 | Deguang Mu Wei Zhang Dongling Chu Tonggang Liu Yonghong Xie Enqing Fu Faguang Jin | 2008 | Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology2008，，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Response of transpiration to rain pulses for two tree species in a semiarid plantation显示文摘 | Lixin Chen Zhiqiang Zhang Melanie Zeppel Caifeng Liu Junting Guo Jinzhao Zhu Xuepei Zhang Jianjun Zhang Tonggang Zha | 2014 | International Journal of Biometeorology2014，，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Manipulating Surface Ligands of CuS Nanocrystals (NC’s): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application to Organic Solar Cells显示文摘 | Jun Li Tonggang Jiu Guo-Hong Tao Guojie Wang Chunming Sun Pandeng Li Junfeng Fang Ling He | 2013 | Journal of Colloid And Interface Science2013，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Asterosaponin 1 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosisin A549 human lung cancer cells显示文摘 | Yachao Zhao Changliang Zhu Xiaofei Li Zhipei Zhang Yuan Yuan Yunfeng Ni Tonggang Liu Sanming Deng Jinbo Zhao Yunjie Wang | 2011 | Oncology Reports2011，，4： | 1 |
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