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| 1 | Investigation on emission factors of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from crop residue burning显示文摘微粒物质(下午)的排放因素,元素碳( EC ),器官的碳( OC ), SO2 , NOx ,公司, CO2 ,和十个离子(Na+,NH4+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+, F ?, Cl ?, NO2 ?, NO3 ?, SO42 ?)从在农村中国的通常生产的罪残茬的四种类型的国内烧被估计:稻秸,麦秸,玉米 stover,和棉花越过中国搜索区域,它从代表是镇定的。一个燃烧塔被设计模仿农民在农村中国在下面烧了他们的罪残茬的煮的条件,到措施排放因素。,结果证明那麦秸在四罪残茬之中有最高的排放因素彻底的下午(8.75 g/kg ) 玉米 stover 和麦秸分别地为 EC (0.95 g/kg ) 和 OC (3.46 g/kg ) 有最高的排放因素。玉米 stover 也作为有最高的排放因素介绍没有, NOx,和 CO2,麦秸,稻秸,和棉花梗分别地有 NO2, SO2,和公司的最高的排放因素。水溶性的离子, K+ 和 Cl ? ,从所有庄稼有最高的排放因素。麦秸有阳离子种类和 F 的一个相对更高的排放因素 ? , Cl ? , NO2 吗?比另外的残余。 | CAO Guoliang ZHANG Xiaoye GONG Sunling ZHENG Fangcheng | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，1： | 61 |
| 2 | Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China显示文摘Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles(PM2.5,BC and OC) and pollutant gases(SO2,NOx,NH3,CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data,mostly at the county level,and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies.New emission factors reflecting local features were also used.The calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5,1.4 Mt BC,2.946 Mt OC,31.584 Mt SO2,23.248 Mt NOx,16.017 Mt NH3,164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt VOCs.The national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5°× 0.5° resolution for use in air quality models.Larger emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western China.The emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies,but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass combustion.Finally,uncertainties in inventories were analyzed. | CAO GuoLiang ZHANG XiaoYe GONG SunLing AN XinQin WANG YaQiang | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，8： | 64 |
| 3 | The impact of meteorological changes from 2013 to 2017 on PM2.5 mass reduction in key regions in China显示文摘In 2013,China issued the'Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution'('Ten Statements of Atmosphere')and implemented a series of pollution reduction measures from 2013 to 2017.In key regions of China,the mass concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameters less than 2.5μm(PM2.5)have dropped significantly.However,the contributions of meteorological changes to PM2.5 reduction are largely uncertain,which has attracted particular concern from the government and the public.Here,we investigated the impact of large-scale and boundary layer(BL)meteorological conditions on aerosol pollution and estimated the contributions of meteorological changes to PM2.5 reduction based on in-depth analysis and diagnosis of various observed meteorological elements and an integrated pollution-linked meteorological index(PLAM,which is approximately and linearly related to PM mass concentration).In this study,we found that the meteorological conditions worsened in 2014 and 2015 and improved in 2016 and 2017 relative to those in 2013 in key regions in China.In 2017 relative to 2013,only^5%(approximately 13%of the total PM2.5 decline)of the 39.6%reduction in PM2.5 mass concentrations can be attributed to meteorological changes in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region,and only^7%(approximately 20%of the total PM2.5 decline)of the 34.3%reduction can be attributable to meteorological changes in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region.Overall,the PM2.5 reduction due to meteorological improvement is much lower than the observed PM2.5 reduction in these areas,which indicates that emission reduction during the five-year implementation of the'Ten Statements of Atmosphere'is the dominant factor in the improvement in air quality.The changes in meteorology and climate are conducive to PM2.5 reduction but do not dominate the substantial improvement in air quality.Similar to the above regions,in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region,the impact of meteorological changes on the annual averaged PM2.5 concentration from 2013 to2017 was relatively weak,and the PM2.5 reduction was mainly due to emission reductions.During winter 2017(January,February,and December of this year),the meteorological conditions improved-20%in the BTH region(observed total PM2.5reduction:40.2%)and-30%in the YRD region(observed total PM2.5 reduction:38.2%)relative to those in 2013,showing the meteorological factors played more important role in the decrease of PM2.5 in winter of these years in the two regions,respectively.The meteorological conditions in winter 2016 were 14%better than those in winter 2017,but the PM2.5 reduction in winter 2016 was still less than that in winter 2017,reinforcing the significant contributions of the increasing efforts to reduce PM2.5 emissions in 2017.The substantial progress of strict emission measures was also confirmed by a comparison of several persistent heavy aerosol pollution episodes(HPEs)with similar meteorological conditions.It is found that the decrease of PM2.5mass caused by emission reduction increases year by year,especially the decrease of PM2.5 concentration in 2016 and 2017.In China,HPEs mainly occur in winter,when meteorological conditions are approximately 40-100%worse than in other seasons.This worsening is partly due to the harbor effect of high topography,including downdrafts and the weak wind zone,and partly due to the increasingly stable regional BL structure caused by climate warming.For the formation of HPEs,it occurred under regional stagnant and stable conditions associated with upper-level circulation patterns,including the zonal westerly winds type and high-pressure ridges.After pollution formation,PM2.5 with mass accumulated to a certain degree can further worsen the BL meteorological conditions.The feedback effect associated with worsening conditions dominates PM2.5 mass explosive growth.In the context of high air pollutant emissions in China,unfavorable meteorological conditions are the necessary external conditions for the formation and accumulation of HPEs.Therefore,reducing aerosol pollution significantly during the earlier transport stage is critical in reducing persistent HPEs.Currently,even under favorable meteorological conditions,allowing emissions without restriction is also not advisable because aerosol pollution allowed to accumulate to a certain extent will significantly worsen the BL meteorological conditions and close the'meteorological channels'available for pollution dispersion. | Xiaoye ZHANG Xiangde XU Yihui DING Yanju LIU Hengde ZHANG Yaqiang WANG Junting ZHONG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，12： | 42 |
| 4 | Estimation of emissions from field burning of crop straw in China显示文摘Emissions resulting from crop straw field burning in China, which have caused serious environmental problems in China, are estimated in this paper. From the county-level data of crop production in 2000― 2003 from the government statistics, taking into account the ratio of residue and grain, the total amount of crop straw production is estimated to be about 600 Tg per year, 76% of which are rice, wheat and corn straw. With reference to the data of living standards, the percentage of crop straw burnt in fields for counties are obtained and consequently the total amount of burnt straws is approximately 140 Tg/year. With the emission factors from literature and experiments, appropriate emission factors have been obtained. The total amounts of PM, SO_2, NO_x, NH_3, CH_4, BC, OC, VOC, CO, CO_2 emissions from field burning of crop straw in China are estimated. All emissions are presented at county level. Some pollutants, such as BC, VOC, OC, CO and CO_2, are contributing a major portion to the total emissions of China. This paper uses a map with resolution of 0.2°×0.2° to present the PM emissions distribution from crop straw burnt in 2003. The results show a significant regional unevenness of emissions, with larger amounts of pollutions coming from the provinces in eastern and northeast China. The regions with higher emissions per unit area are located as a belt stretching from northeast China to eastern China. | CAO GuoLiang ZHANG XiaoYe WANG YaQiang Zheng FangCheng | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，5： | 38 |
| 5 | Relative Contributions of Boundary-Layer Meteorological Factors to the Explosive Growth of PM2.5 during the Red-Alert Heavy Pollution Episodes in Beijing in December 2016显示文摘Based on observations of urban mass concentration of fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter(PM_(2.5)), ground meteorological data, vertical measurements of winds, temperature, and relative humidity(RH), and ECMWF reanalysis data, the major changes in the vertical structures of meteorological factors in the boundary layer(BL) during the heavy aerosol pollution episodes(HPEs) that occurred in winter 2016 in the urban Beijing area were analyzed. The HPEs are divided into two stages: the transport of pollutants under prevailing southerly winds, known as the transport stage(TS), and the PM_(2.5) explosive growth and pollution accumulation period characterized by a temperature inversion with low winds and high RH in the lower BL, known as the cumulative stage(CS). During the TS, a surface high lies south of Beijing, and pollutants are transported northwards. During the CS, a stable BL forms and is characterized by weak winds, temperature inversion, and moisture accumulation. Stable atmospheric stratification featured with light/calm winds and accumulated moisture(RH > 80%) below 250 m at the beginning of the CS is closely associated with the inversion, which is strengthened by the considerable decrease in near-surface air temperature due to the interaction between aerosols and radiation after the aerosol pollution occurs. A significant increase in the PLAM(Parameter Linking Aerosol Pollution and Meteorological Elements) index is found, which is linearly related to PM mass change. During the first 10 h of the CS, the more stable BL contributes approximately 84% of the explosive growth of PM_(2.5) mass. Additional accumulated near-surface moisture caused by the ground temperature decrease, weak turbulent diffusion, low BL height, and inhibited vertical mixing of water vapor is conducive to the secondary aerosol formation through chemical reactions, including liquid phase and heterogeneous reactions, which further increases the PM_(2.5) concentration levels. The contribution of these reaction mechanisms to the explosive growth of PM_(2.5) mass during the early CS and subsequent pollution accumulation requires further investigation. | junting zhong xiaoye zhang yaqiang wang junying sun yangmei zhang jizhi wang kaiyan tan xiaojing shen haochi che lu zhang zhouxiang zhang xuefei qi huarong zhao sanxue ren yang li | 2017 | Journal of Meteorological Research2017，31，5： | 25 |
| 6 | Dust storms and loess accumulation on the Tibetan Plateau: A case study of dust event on 4 March 2003 in Lhasa显示文摘Whether the Tibetan Plateau is a significant dust source area is of great importance, because this is re-lated to the understanding of sources, accumulation and environmental effects of dusts on the Tibetan Plateau and in the Far East-Pacific Ocean regions as well as to the evolution of coupling of the Tibetan Plateau and atmosphere-ocean- continent exchange. Synoptic dynamics and remote sensing tracing of a dust storm on 3 to 5 March, 2003 in Lhasa on South Tibet demonstrate that the Tibetan Plateau possesses all factors and conditions of generating dust storms. Accom-panied with this dust storm is a strong ascending stream on the Plateau which has raised various sizes of dust particles into different levels. The lifted coarse particles were largely fallen down and accumulated as loess on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and the fine particles were translated by the west-erly jet and subsided in the northern Pacific Ocean. The spa-tial-temporal distribution of dust-storms between years 1961 and 2000 on the Plateau shows that dust-storms mainly occur in winter and early spring with high frequency, and the path of dust storm moves gradually from south to north, which is closely coupled with the northward moving of the westerly jet from winter to spring over the Tibetan Plateau. Com-pared with other twelve dust source areas in China, the Ti-betan Plateau is one of the key dust source areas for the long-distance transport because its high occurring frequency and elevation cause fine particles easily to be lifted into the zone of the westerly jet. | FANG Xiaomin HAN Yongxiang MA Jinghui SONG Lianchun YANG Shengli ZHANG Xiaoye | 2004 | Chinese Science Bulletin2004，49，9： | 25 |
| 7 | Pathways of China's PM;air quality 2015–2060 in the context of carbon neutrality显示文摘Clean air policies in China have substantially reduced particulate matter(PM;) air pollution in recent years,primarily by curbing end-of-pipe emissions.However,reaching the level of the World Health Organization(WHO) guidelines may instead depend upon the air quality co-benefits of ambitious climate action.Here,we assess pathways of Chinese PM;air quality from 2015 to 2060 under a combination of scenarios that link global and Chinese climate mitigation pathways(i.e.global 2℃-and 1.5℃-pathways,National Determined Contributions(NDC) pledges and carbon neutrality goals) to local clean air policies.We find that China can achieve both its near-term climate goals(peak emissions) and PM;air quality annual standard(35 μg/m;) by 2030 by fulfilling its NDC pledges and continuing air pollution control policies.However,the benefits of end-of-pipe control reductions are mostly exhausted by 2030,and reducing PM;exposure of the majority of the Chinese population to below 10 μg/m;by 2060 will likely require more ambitious climate mitigation efforts such as China’ s carbon neutrality goals and global1.5℃-pathways.Our results thus highlight that China’s carbon neutrality goals will play a critical role in reducing air pollution exposure to the level of the WHO guidelines and protecting public health. | Jing Cheng Dan Tong Qiang Zhang Yang Liu Yu Lei Gang Yan Liu Yan Sha Yu Ryna Yiyun Cui Leon Clarke Guannan Geng Bo Zheng Xiaoye Zhang Steven JDavis Kebin He | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，12： | 23 |
| 8 | Advances in studying interactions between aerosols and monsoon in China显示文摘Scientific issues relevant to interactions between aerosols and the Asian monsoon climate were discussed and evaluated at the 33 rd 'Forum of Science and Technology Frontiers' sponsored by the Department of Earth Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Major results are summarized in this paper. The East Asian monsoon directly affects aerosol transport and provides a favorable background circulation for the occurrence and development of persistent fog-haze weather. Spatial features of aerosol transport and distribution are also influenced by the East Asian monsoon on seasonal, inter-annual, and decadal scales. High moisture levels in monsoon regions also affect aerosol optical and radiative properties. Observation analyses indicate that cloud physical properties and precipitation are significantly affected by aerosols in China with aerosols likely suppressing local light and moderate rainfall, and intensifying heavy rainfall in southeast coastal regions. However, the detailed mechanisms behind this pattern still need further exploration. The decadal variation in the East Asian monsoon strongly affects aerosol concentrations and their spatial patterns. The weakening monsoon circulation in recent decades has likely helped to increase regional aerosol concentrations. The substantial increase in Chinese air pollutants has likely decreased the temperature difference between land and sea, which favors intensification of the weakening monsoon circulation. Constructive suggestions regarding future studies on aerosols and monsoons were proposed in this forum and key uncertain issues were also discussed. | WU GuoXiong LI ZhanQing FU CongBin ZHANG XiaoYe ZHANG RenYi ZHANG RenHe ZHOU TianJun LI JianPing LI JianDong ZHOU DeGang WU Liang ZHOU LianTong HE Bian HUANG RongHui | 2016 | Science China Earth Sciences2016，59，1： | 16 |
| 9 | Impact of China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on PM2.5 chemical composition over eastern China显示文摘China promulgated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(the Action Plan)in 2013 and developed stringent control measures to mitigate fine particulate matter(PM2.5) pollution.Here,we investigated the PM2.5 chemical composition changes over eastern China associated with the Action Plan during 2013-2017 using satellite-based PM2.5 chemical composition data derived using CMAQ simulations and satellite inputs.The PM2.5 concentrations decreased considerably during this time as a result of the reductions in all chemical species in PM2.5.The population-weighted mean concentrations over eastern China decreased from 11.1 to 6.7μgm-3 for SO42-,13.8-13.1μgm-3 for NO3-,7.4-5.8μgm-3 for NH4+,9.9-8.4μgm-3 for OM,4.6-3.8μg m-3 for BC and 12.9-9.6μg m-3 for other species in PM2.5.SO42-had the largest reduction of 40%,while NO3-had the lowest reduction of 5%,resulting in a greater fraction of NO3-and a smaller fraction of SO42-in PM2.5.Among the three key regions,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei had the largest reduction in PM2.5 and its chemical compositions.The decrease in SO42-concentrations was in line with the reduction of SO2 emissions,and the major driver of the SO2 emission reductions was the industrial sector.The decrease in NO3 concentrations was limited because the decrease in SO2 emissions and the stable NH3 emissions facilitated the formation of NO3-from HNO3,which partially offset the reduction in NOx emissions driven by the power sector.To mitigate PM2.5 pollution more effectively,future efforts are needed to reduce NH3 emissions. | Guannan GENG Qingyang XIAO Yixuan ZHENG Dan TONG Yuxuan ZHANG Xiaoye ZHANG Qiang ZHANG Kebin HE Yang LIU | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，12： | 16 |
| 10 | Seasonal characterization of components and size distributions for submicron aerosols in Beijing显示文摘Submicron aerosols(PM1)in Beijing were studied using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer(AMS)from January to October 2008.This paper presents seasonal variations of different chemical components(sulfate,nitrate,ammonium,chloride and organics)and size distributions of PM1.Results show that mass concentration of PM1 was highest in summer,and lowest in autumn.Organics represented the dominant species in all seasons,accounting for 36%-58%of PM1,and their concentrations were highest in winter.Concentrations of inorganic components,sulfate,nitrate,and ammonium were highest in summer. Based on principal component analysis,organics were deconvolved and quantified as hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosol(HOA and OOA,respectively).HOA was highest in winter,accounting for about 70%of organics.However,OOA was highest in summer,and had lower values in autumn and winter.A similar diurnal pattern of various components was ob- served,which is higher at nighttime and lower during daytime.HOA increased more dramatically than other species between 17:00 and 21:00 and peaked at noon,which could be related to cooking emissions. OOA,sulfate,nitrate,ammonium and chloride varied with the same trend.Their concentrations increased with solar radiation from 9:00 to 13:00,and declined with weakening solar radiation.Size distributions of all species showed apparent peaks in the range 500-600 nm.Size distributions of organics were much broader than other species,particularly in autumn and winter.Distributions of sulfate,nitrate and ammonium had similar patterns,broadening in winter.Contributions of different species were size-dependent;the finer the particle,the greater the contribution of organics.Organics represented more than 60%of particles smaller than 200 nm,contributing 50%to PM1 in winter.In spring and summer,HOA was the dominant organic fraction for particles smaller than 200 nm, while OOA contributed more to particles larger than 300 nm.In winter,HOA contributed more than OOA to all PM1 particles. | ZHANG YangMei SUN JunYing ZHANG XiaoYe SHEN XiaoJing WANG TingTing QIN MingKai | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，5： | 14 |
| 11 | Policy and Management of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality:A Literature Review显示文摘The vision of reaching a carbon peak and achieving carbon neutrality is guiding the low-carbon transition of China’s socioeconomic system.Currently,a research gap remains in the existing literature in terms of studies that systematically identify opportunities to achieve carbon neutrality.To address this gap,this study comprehensively collates and investigates 1105 published research studies regarding carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.In doing so,the principles of development in this area are quantitively analyzed from a space–time perspective.At the same time,this study traces shifts and alterations in research hotspots.This systematic review summarizes the priorities and standpoints of key industries on carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.Furthermore,with an emphasis on five key management science topics,the scientific concerns and strategic demands for these two carbon emission-reduction goals are clarified.The paper ends with theoretical insights on and practical countermeasures for actions,priority tasks,and policy measures that will enable China to achieve a carbon-neutral future.This study provides a complete picture of the research status on carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,as well as the research directions worth investigating in this field,which are crucial to the formulation of carbon peak and carbon neutrality policies. | Yi-Ming Wei Kaiyuan Chen Jia-Ning Kang Weiming Chen Xiang-Yu Wang Xiaoye Zhang | 2022 | Engineering2022，8，7： | 14 |
| 12 | DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility profiling of mouse and human fetal germ cells显示文摘染色质改变为人的初发的细菌房间的 epigenetic reprogramming 是重要的。然而,全面染色质状态还没为人的胎儿的细菌房间(FGC ) 被分析了。这里,我们使用 nucleosome 占有和 methylation 定序方法在人和老鼠在胎儿的细菌房间开发期间在一系列关键时间点分析染色体宽的染色质可接近性和 DNA methylome。我们在人和老鼠 FGC 发现 116 887 和 137 557 个弄空 nucleosome 的区域(NDR ) ,盖住 germline 特定、高度有活力的规章的 genomic 元素的一个大集合,例如 enhancers。而且,我们发现远侧的 NDR 在人的 FGC 为象 NANOG , SOX17 , AP2 和 OCT4 那样的 pluripotency 和细菌房间主人管理者的有约束力的主题明确地被充实,显示在pluripotency相关的基因和细菌之间的精细的规章的平衡的存在在人的 FGC 的房间特定的基因,并且为在 vivo 的细菌房间开发的这些基因的功能的意义。我们的工作为把提供一张全面、高分辨率的路线图染色质状态转变动力学在人和老鼠 FGC 的 epigenomic reprogramming 期间。 | Hongshan Guo Boqiang Hu Liying Yan Jun Yong Yan Wu Yun Gao Fan Guo Yu Hou Xiaoying Fan Ji Dong Xiaoye Wang Xiaohui Zhu Jie Yan Yuan Wei Hongyan Jin Wenxin Zhang Lu Wen FuchouTang Jie Qiao | 2017 | Cell Research2017，27，2： | 9 |
| 13 | Future Changes in Extreme High Temperature over China at 1.5℃-5℃ Global Warming Based on CMIP6 Simulations显示文摘Extreme high temperature(EHT)events are among the most impact-related consequences related to climate change,especially for China,a nation with a large population that is vulnerable to the climate warming.Based on the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6),this study assesses future EHT changes across China at five specific global warming thresholds(1.5℃-5℃).The results indicate that global mean temperature will increase by 1.5℃/2℃ before 2030/2050 relative to pre-industrial levels(1861-1900)under three future scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5),and warming will occur faster under SSP5-8.5 compared to SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5.Under SSP5-8.5,global warming will eventually exceed 5℃ by 2100,while under SSP1-2.6,it will stabilize around 2℃ after 2050.In China,most of the areas where warming exceeds global average levels will be located in Tibet and northern China(Northwest China,North China and Northeast China),covering 50%-70%of the country.Furthermore,about 0.19-0.44 billion people(accounting for 16%-41%of the national population)will experience warming above the global average.Compared to present-day(1995-2014),the warmest day(TXx)will increase most notably in northern China,while the number of warm days(TX90p)and warm spell duration indicator(WSDI)will increase most profoundly in southern China.For example,relative to the present-day,TXx will increase by 1℃-5℃ in northern China,and TX90p(WSDI)will increase by 25-150(10-80)days in southern China at 1.5℃-5℃ global warming.Compared to 2℃-5℃,limiting global warming to 1.5℃ will help avoid about 36%-87%of the EHT increases in China. | Guwei ZHANG Gang ZENG Xiaoye YANG Zhihong JIANG | 2021 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2021，38，2： | 8 |
| 14 | Aerosol Hygroscopicity during the Haze Red-Alert Period in December 2016 at a Rural Site of the North China Plain显示文摘A humidification system was deployed to measure aerosol hygroscopicity at a rural site of the North China Plain during the haze red-alert period 17–22 December 2016. The aerosol scattering coefficients under dry [relative humidity(RH) < 30%] and wet(RH in the range of 40%–85%) conditions were simultaneously measured at wavelengths of450, 550, and 700 nm. It is found that the aerosol scattering coefficient and backscattering coefficient increased by only 29% and 10%, respectively when RH went up from 40% to 80%, while the hemispheric backscatter fraction went down by 14%, implying that the aerosol hygroscopicity represented by the aerosol scattering enhancement factor f(RH) is relatively low and RH exerted little effects on the aerosol light scattering in this case. The scattering enhancement factors do not show significant differences at the three wavelengths, only with an approximate 2% variation, suggesting that the aerosol hygroscopicity is independent of the wavelength. Aerosol hygroscopicity is highly dependent on the aerosol chemical composition. When there is a large mass fraction of inorganics and a small mass fraction of organic matter, f(RH) reaches a high value. The fraction of NO_3^- was strongly correlated with the aerosol scattering coefficient at RH = 80%, which suggests that NO_3^- played an important role in aerosol hygroscopic growth during the heavy pollution period. | Xuefei QI Junying SUN Lu ZHANG Xiaojing SHEN Xiaoye ZHANG Yangmei ZHANG Yaqiang WANG Haochi CHE Zhouxiang ZHANG Junting ZHONG Kaiyan TAN Huarong ZHAO Sanxue REN | 2018 | Journal of Meteorological Research2018，32，1： | 7 |
| 15 | Aerosol characteristics and impacts on weather and climate over the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘With themostmassive snow and ice globally between 60°S and 60°S ,the Tibetan Plateau(TP),also called the third pole of the world,plays significant roles in the weather,climate and lives in South Asia and East Asia and even the world[1–3].Investigating the variation of weather and the climate system over the TP has long been carried out,which is significant for fresh water supplies for over 1.4 billion people in Asia.Actually,the‘Third Pole Environment’program was initiated to call international efforts to understand both climate and environment changes on the plateau[1],which has already shown rapid warming and intensified cryospheric melt and water cycle. | Chuanfeng Zhao Yikun Yang Hao Fan Jianping Huang Yunfei Fu Xiaoye Zhang Shichang Kang Zhiyuan Cong Husi Letu Massimo Menenti | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，3： | 7 |
| 16 | Key features of new particle formation events at background sites in China and their influence on cloud condensation nuclei显示文摘 | Xiaojing SHEN Junying SUN Xiaoye ZHANG Yangmei ZHANG Lu ZHANG Ruxia FAN | 2016 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2016，10，5： | 5 |
| 17 | Size-dependent elastic properties of thin films: surface anisotropy and surface bonding显示文摘Surface eigenstress and eigendisplacement models were used to investigate the surface stress,surface relaxation and surface elasticity of thin films with different surface orientations.Molecular dynamics simulations and first-principles calculations were conducted on face-centered cubic Au films with the focus on relaxation induced nonlinear initial deformation.The simulation results verify the theoretical predictions of the size dependency of surface energy density and surface stress,and the nonlinear scaling law of the size-dependent Young’s modulus of thin films.The mechanism of the size-dependent behaviors was further explored at the atomic bonding level with the charge density field.The Au atomic bonding at surfaces is enhanced compared to its interior counterpart and therefore the nominal Young’s modulus of the Au thin films is larger when the film thickness is smaller. | ZHOU XiaoYe REN Hang HUANG BaoLing ZHANG TongYi | 2014 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2014，57，4： | 5 |
| 18 | CHARACTERISTICS OF CLAY MINERALS IN ASIAN DUST AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE显示文摘The objectives of this research were to characterise the clay minerals composition of soil-derived dust in Northern China and to set up a mineralogical signature to trace their origin. Mineral composition of aerosol particles was investigated at Aksu, Dunhuang, Yulin, Tongliao and Changwu during an intensive field campaign period of ACE-Asia.The results show that the kaolinite (K) to chlorite (C) ratio is sensitive to the regional origin of Asian dust. Western source areas (represented by Aksu) displayed the lowest K/C ratio of 0.3 (average), while it was found to increase up to 0.70(average) upon moving towards northern source areas (represented by Yulin). By studying transported dust in a deposition area representative of the Chinese Loess Plateau, the usefulness of the K/C ratio, when associated with back air-mass trajectories, was found to lie in revealing the origin of the dust. Comparison of the mineralogical data between Asian dust and Sahara dust, shows that the K/C ratio is also an effective signature to identify the source areas on a hemisphere scale. | Zhenxing Shen Xuxiang Li Junji Cao Sandrine Caquineau Yaqiang Wang Xiaoye Zhang | 2005 | China Particuology2005，3，5： | 5 |
| 19 | Chemical Components, Variation, and Source Identification of PM1 during the Heavy Air Pollution Episodes in Beijing in December 2016显示文摘Air pollution is a current global concern. The heavy air pollution episodes(HPEs) in Beijing in December 2016 severely influenced visibility and public health. This study aims to survey the chemical compositions, sources, and formation processes of the HPEs. An aerodyne quadruple aerosol mass spectrometer(Q-AMS) was utilized to measure the non-refractory PM1(NR-PM1) mass concentration and size distributions of the main chemical components including organics, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride in situ during 15–23 December 2016. The NR-PM1 mass concentration was found to increase from 6 to 188 μg m–3 within 5 days. During the most serious polluted episode, the PM1 mass concentration was about 2.6 times that during the first pollution stage and even 40 times that of the clean days. The formation rates of PM2.5 in the five pollution stages were 26, 22, 22, 32, and 67 μg m^(–3) h–1, respectively. Organics and nitrate occupied the largest proportion in the polluted episodes, whereas organics and sulfate dominated the submicron aerosol during the clean days. The size distribution of organics is always broader than those of other species, especially in the clean episodes. The peak sizes of the interested species grew gradually during different HPEs. Aqueous reaction might be important in forming sulfate and chloride, and nitrate was formed via oxidization and condensation processes. PMF(positive matrix factorization) analysis on AMS mass spectra was employed to separate the organics into different subtypes. Two types of secondary organic aerosol with different degrees of oxidation consisted of 43% of total organics. By contrast, primary organics from cooking, coal combustion, and traffic emissions comprised 57% of the organic aerosols during the HPEs. | Yangmei ZHANG Yaqiang WANG Xiaoye ZHANG Xiaojing SHEN Junying SUN Lingyan WU Zhouxiang ZHANG Haochi CHE | 2018 | Journal of Meteorological Research2018，32，1： | 4 |
| 20 | Dust direct radiative effects on the earth-atmosphere system over east Asia:Early spring cooling and late spring warming显示文摘Focusing on three dust storms occurring in spring 2001,we developed a detailed aerosol parameterization scheme and integrated it in a radiative transfer model to characterize possible impacts of solar altitude angle on dust direct radiative effects over China desert regions and the North Pacific,using actual daily solar altitude angles.Increasing solar altitude angle from early spring (or winter) to late spring (or summer) leads to increase of positive clear sky radiative forcing,and decrease of negative radiative forcing due to dust aerosols at the top of the atmosphere.Because solar altitude angle increases from early to late spring,dust-clear sky radiative forcing may change from negative to positive at the top of atmosphere,showing a change from cooling to heating of the earth-atmosphere system over high-albedo deserts and nearby regions.Over low-albedo ocean negative clear sky radiative forcing by dust may decrease,suggesting a change from strong to weak cooling on the earth-atmosphere system.The impacts of solar altitude angle on cloudy sky radiative forcing due to dust are similar to those of clear sky.Impacts of low cloud on dust radiative forcing are the same as increasing surface albedo.This causes the transition of dust cooling effects into heating effects over deserts to occur earlier,and causes decrease of negative radiative forcing over the ocean and even cause a change from weak negative radiative forcing to weak positive forcing over local areas.Even in the same East Asian desert regions and nearby areas,the strength and sign of the radiative forcings depend on storm dates and thus solar altitude angle.The nearer to early spring (or winter) a dust storm occurs,the easier it leads to negative radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere,which indicates cooling effects on the earth-atmosphere system.In contrast,the nearer to late spring (or summer) a dust storm occurs,the easier it leads to positive radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere,showing heating effects.Over East Asian deserts and nearby regions,dust layers may be regarded as cooling sources in early spring (winter) and warming sources in late spring (summer). | WANG Hong ZHAO TianLiang ZHANG XiaoYe GONG SunLing | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，10： | 4 |
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