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| 1 | Natural killer cell-triggered vascular transformation:maternal care before birth?显示文摘Natural killer(NK)cells are found in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs.In addition to important roles in immune surveillance,some NK cells contribute to angiogenesis and circulatory regulation.The uterus of early pregnancy is a non-lymphoid organ enriched in NK cells that are specifically recruited to placental attachment sites.In species with invasive hemochorial placentation,these uterine natural killer(uNK)cells,via secretion of cytokines,chemokines,mucins,enzymes and angiogenic growth factors,contribute to the physiological change of mesometrial endometrium into the unique stromal environment called decidua basalis.In humans,uNK cells have the phenotype CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) and they appear in great abundance in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.Gene expression studies indicate that CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) uterine and circulating cells are functionally distinct.In humans but not mice or other species with post-implantation decidualization,uNK cells may contribute to blastocyst implantation and are of interest as therapeutic targets in female infertility.Histological and genetic studies in mice first identified triggering of the process of gestation spiral arterial modification as a major uNK cell function,achieved via interferon(IFN)-c secretion.During spiral arterial modification,branches from the uterine artery that traverse the endometrium/decidua transiently lose their muscular coat and ability to vasoconstrict.The expression of vascular markers changes from arterial to venous as these vessels dilate and become low-resistance,high-volume channels.Full understanding of the vascular interactions of human uNK cells is difficult to obtain because endometrial time-course studies are not possible in pregnant women.Here we briefly review key information concerning uNK cell functions from studies in rodents,summarize highlights concerning human uNK cells and describe our preliminary studies on development of a humanized,pregnant mouse model for in vivo investigations of human uNK cell functions. | Jianhong Zhang Zhilin Chen Graeme N Smith B.Anne Croy | 2011 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2011，8，1： | 19 |
| 2 | An operational two-layer remote sensing model to estimate surface flux in regional scale: Physical background显示文摘Based on the improved interaction mechanism of two-layer model, this paper proposed Pixel Component Arranging and Comparing Algorithm (PCACA) and theoretically positioning algorithm, estimated the true temperature of mixed pixel in four extreme points in combination with the measurements of dry and wet points in calibration fields and improved the reliability of positioning dry and wet line. A new two-layer energy-separation algorithm was proposed,which was simple and direct without resistance network parameters for each pixel. We also proposed a new thought about the effect of advection. The albedo of mixed pixel was also separated with PCACA. In combination with two-layer energy-separation algorithm, the net radiation of mixed pixel was separated to overcome the uncertainty of conventional energy-separation algorithm using Beer's Law. Through the validation of retrieval result, this method is proved to be feasible and operational. At the same time, the uncertainty of this algorithm was objectively analyzed. | ZHANG Renhua SUN Xiaomin WANG Weimin XU Jinping ZHU Zhilin TIAN Jing | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 16 |
| 3 | Investigation on optimization design of equivalent water depth truncated mooring system显示文摘The oil industry is now increasingly concentrating their efforts and activities in connection with de- veloping fields in deeper waters, ranging typically from 500 m to 3000 m worldwide. However, the modeling of a full-depth system has become difficult presently; no tank facility is sufficiently large to perform the testing of a complete FPS with compliant mooring in 1000 m to 3000 m depth, within rea- sonable limits of model scale. Until recently, the most feasible procedure to meet this challenge seems to be the so-called 'hybrid model testing technique'. To implement this technique, the first and im- portant step is to design the equivalent water depth truncated mooring system. In this work, the opti- mization design of the equivalent water depth truncated mooring system in hybrid model testing for deep sea platforms is investigated. During the research, the similarity of static characteristics between the truncated and full depth system is mainly considered. The optimization mathematical model for the equivalent water depth truncated system design is set up by using the similarity in numerical value of the static characteristics between the truncated system and the full depth one as the objective function. The dynamic characteristic difference between the truncated and full depth mooring system can be minished by selecting proper design rule. To calculate the static characteristics of the mooring system, the fourth order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the static equilibrium equation of the single mooring line. After the static characteristic of the single mooring line is calculated, the static charac- teristic of the whole mooring system is calculated with Lagrange numerical interpolation method. The mooring line material database is established and the standard material name and the diameter of the mooring line are selected as the primary key. The improved simulated annealing algorithm for continual & discrete variables and the improved complex algorithm for discrete variables are employed to per- form the optimization calculation. The C++ programming language is used to develop the computer program according to the object-oriented programming idea. To perform the optimization calculation with the two algorithms mentioned above respectively and the better result is selected as the final one. To examine the developed program, an example of equivalent water depth truncated mooring system optimum design calculation on a 100,000-t, turret mooring FPSO in water depth of 320 m are performed to obtain the conformation parameters of the truncated mooring system, in which the truncated water depth is 160 m. The model test under some typical environment conditions are performed for both the truncated and the full depth system with model scale factor λ=80. After comparing the corresponding results from the test of the truncated system with those from the full depth system test, it’s found that the truncated mooring system design in this work is successful. | ZHANG HuoMing SUN ZhiLin YANG JianMin GAO MingZheng | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009，52，2： | 14 |
| 4 | Quaternary glacier development and the relationship between the climate change and tectonic uplift in the Helan Mountain显示文摘孤立拉长 Helan 山脉山岳的 NE-SW,分开从 Tenggeli 沙漠的 Ordos 高原的适度的草地,是在西方中国学习冰河发展的一个关键位置以及气候的联合条件随着变化构造高举。冰川的地形和存款包括冰斗,山峰,刀口山脉,侧面的冰碛,和终端冰碛在 Helan 山的中间的部分在 2800 m a.s.l 上面散布。这分布显示这曾经是 glaciated 在期间晚第四级。形态学特征证明形成事件的风景的一个清楚的序列发生在整个 Helan 山。实验室光学地刺激了光(OSL ) 和标明日期的加速器团 spectrometry 放射性碳(AMS 14C ) 结果显示冰川的进展的迟了的历史。在 Helan 山的中间的部分的迟了的更新世冰河进展了接近他们的位置至少四次,并且冰川的序列能作为最后一个冰川的周期的中间的阶段被分配(MIS3b, 43.2 ????????? ′ ? 錸? 錸?@ | ZHANG Wei HE MingYue LI YongHua CUI ZhiJiu WANG ZhiLin YU Yang | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，34： | 14 |
| 5 | Correcting method of eddy covariance fluxes over non-flat surfaces and its application in ChinaFLUX显示文摘Although Eddy Covariance (EC) technique is one of the best methods for estimating the energy and mass exchanges between underlying surface and atmosphere in micrometeorology, errors and uncertainties still exist without necessary corrections. In this paper, we will focus on the effect of coordinate system on the eddy fluxes. Based on the data observed over four sites (one farmland site, one grassland site and two forest sites), the effects of three coordinate system transforming methods (Double Rotation-DR, Triple Rotation-TR and Planar Fit-PF)on the turbulent fluxes are analyzed. It shows that (i) the corrected fluxes are more or less than the uncorrected fluxes, which is related mainly to the sloping degree of surface, wind speed and wind direction; and (ii) pitch angle has a sinusoidal dependence on wind direction, especially in the regular sloping terrain; and (iii) PF method is something like the simplification of TR or DR,and there are not obvious distinctions in correction in sloping grassland and flat farmland, but PF method is not suitable for uneven and irregular forest sites. | ZHU Zhilin, SUN Xiaomin, ZHOU Yanlian, XU Jinping, YUAN Guofu & ZHANG Renhua Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 10 |
| 6 | The newly emerged SARS-Like coronavirus HCoV-EMC also has an “Achilles’ heel”: current effective inhibitor targeting a 3C-like protease显示文摘From the global outbreak of SARS-CoV caused infection disease in 2003,coronaviruses(CoVs)are known to be a great threat to the human health.Recently,a new SARS-like coronavirus,human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012(HCoV-EMC),has been identified and the appearance of this new CoV raises concerns that a new spread of CoV may occurs in the future.By solving the crystal structure of HCoV-EMC main protease with a wide-spectrum anti-CoV inhibitor N3,we confi rmed that that N3 blocks the function of HCoV-EMC main protease through a similar mechanism to other CoVs.Together with the good pharmaceutical features,N3 is conceivable to be effective to HCoV-EMC and other CoVs appearing in the future.These fi ndings make it convincing that CoVs will not be a threat to human health. | Zhilin Ren Liming Yan Ning Zhang Yu Guo Cheng Yang Zhiyong Lou Zihe Rao | 2013 | Protein & Cell2013，4，4： | 10 |
| 7 | LncRNA HOTAIR mediates TGF-β2-induced cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial cells显示文摘 | Zhilin Zhang Huirong Zhu Yan Liu Fu Quan Xibo Zhang Ling Yu | 2018 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2018，50，10： | 10 |
| 8 | Detrital K-feldspar^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar Ages:Source Constraints of the Lower Miocene Sandstones in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea显示文摘The South China Sea began to outspread in the Oligocene.A great quantity of terraneous detritus was deposited in the northern continental shelf of the sea,mostly in Pearl River Mouth Basin,which constituted the main paleo-Pearl River Delta.The delta developed for a long geological time and formed a superimposed area.Almost all the oil and gas fields of detrital rock reservoir distribute in this delta.Thirty-three oil sandstone core samples in the Zhujiang Formation,lower Miocene(23-16 Ma),were collected from nine wells.The illite samples with detrital K feldspar(Kfs) separated from these sandstone cores in four sub-structural belts were analysed by the high-precision 40Ar/39Ar laser stepwise heating technique.All 33 illite 40Ar/39Ar data consistently yielded gradually rising age spectra at the low-temperature steps until reaching age plateaus at mid-high temperature steps.The youngest ages corresponding to the beginning steps were interpreted as the hydrocarbon accumulation ages and the plateau ages in mid-high temperature steps as the contributions of the detrital feldspar representing the ages of the granitic parent rocks in the provenances.The ages of the detrital feldspar from the Zhujiang Formation in the four sub-structural belts were different:(1) the late Cretaceous ages in the Lufeng 13 fault structural belt;(2) the late Cretaceous and early Cretaceous-Jurassic ages in the Huizhou 21 buried hill-fault belt;(3) the Jurassic and Triassic ages in the Xijiang 24 buried hill-fault belt;and(4) the early Cretaceous-late Jurassic ages in the Panyu 4 oil area.These detrital feldspar 40Ar/39Ar ages become younger and younger from west to east,corresponding to the age distribution of the granites in the adjacent Guangdong Province,Southern China. | LIU Zaisheng SHI Hesheng ZHU Junzhang QIU Huaning ZHANG Zhilin YUN Jianbing | 2012 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2012，86，2： | 9 |
| 9 | The biological role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma显示文摘Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignant tumor and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is the main histological type of esophageal cancer,and accounts for 90%of all cancer cases.Despite the progress made in surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy,the mortality rate from esophageal cancer remains high,and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 20%,even in developed countries.The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12)is a member of the CXC chemokine subgroup,which is widely expressed in a variety of tissues and cells.CXCL12 participates in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes by binding to its specific receptor,C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4),where it causes embryonic development,immune response,and angiogenesis.In addition,increasing evidence indicates that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in the biological processes of tumor cells.Studies have shown that CXCL12 and its receptor,CXCR4,are highly expressed in ESCC.This abnormal expression contributes to tumor proliferation,lymph node and distant metastases,and worsening prognosis.At present,antagonists and imaging agents against CXCL12 or CXCR4 have been developed to interfere with the malignant process and monitor metastasis of tumors.This article summarizes the structure,function,and regulatory mechanism of CXCL12/CXCR4 and its role in the malignancy of ESCC.Current results from preclinical research targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 are also summarized to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESCC. | Xianxian Wu Hongdian Zhang Zhilin Sui Yang Wang Zhentao Yu | 2021 | Cancer Biology & Medicine2021，18，2： | 9 |
| 10 | Detection of serum IgM and IgG for COVID-19 diagnosis显示文摘Dear Editor,Infection with the novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2,which is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19))was first reported in Wuhan,China on December 31,2019.The outbreak of COVID-19 remains ongoing and was linked to more than 80,000 infected patients and more than 3,000 deaths in China as of March 7,2020(Holshue et al.,2020). | Ling Zhong Junlan Chuan Bo Gong Ping Shuai Yu Zhou Yi Zhang Zhilin Jiang Dingding Zhang Xiaoqi Liu Shi Ma Yi Huang He Lin Qingwei Wang Lulin Huang Dan Jiang Fang Hao Juan Tang Chunqi Zheng Hua Yu Zhibin Wang Qi Jiang Tao Zeng Mei Luo Fanwei Zeng Fanxin Zeng Jianghai Liu Junxi Tian Yu Xu Tengxiang Long Kaiju Xu Xingxiang Yang Yuping Liu Yi Shi Li Jiang Zhenglin Yang | 2020 | Science China(Life Sciences)2020，63，5： | 8 |
| 11 | Discovery of low-mature hydrocarbon in manganese nodules and ooze from the Central Pacific deep sea floor显示文摘Extracts from manganese nodules and ooze from the Central Pacific deep sea floor were analyzed using the chromatogram-mass spectrum, and it was found that most of the biomarker molecules are of the low-mature type (some have characteristics of mature): the ratio of 'A'/C is high between 11.4%-19.75%; CPI is 1.22-1.23; C31-22S/ (22S+22R) hopane is 0.59-0.60, Tm/Ts is 0.99-1.99; pa moretane/(αβ+βα) hopane is 0.12-0.14; C29 sterane 20S/(20S+20R) is 0.35-0.41; ββ/(ββ+αα) is 0.38-0.45; arene TA(I)/TA(I+Ⅱ) is 0.16-0.21; methyl-phenanthrene index (MPI1) is 0.35-0.67. According to the geological settings of the sampling area and its organic geochemical characteristics, it is considered that the hydrothermal activities on the ocean floor facilitate the decomposition of organic matter in the sediment, which leads to the generation and migration of hydrocarbon into manganese nodules and ooze. This discovery is important for understanding the mechanisms of hydrocarbon generation in the ocean floor and | HU Wenxuan JIN Zhijun YAO Suping LU Xiancai CHEN Zhilin ZHANG Linye ZHANG Xuejun ZHOU Huaiyang | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，11： | 7 |
| 12 | Characterization of Methylocystis strain JTA1 isolated from aged refuse and its tolerance to chloroform显示文摘To accelerate the efficiency of methane biodegradation in landfills,a Gram-negative,rod-shaped,non-motile,non-spore-forming bacterium,JTA1,which can utilize methane as well as acetate,was isolated from the Laogang MSW landfills,Shanghai,China.Strain JTA1 was a member of genus Methylocystis on the basis of 16S rRNA and pmoA gene sequence similarity.The maximum specific cell growth rates(μmax=0.042 hr-1,R2=0.995) was derived through Boltzmann simulation,and the apparent half-saturation constants(Km(app)=7.08mmol/L,R2=0.982) was calculated according to Michaelis-Menton hyperbolic model,indicating that Methylocystis strain JTA1 had higher-affinity potential for methane oxidation than other reported methanotrophs.By way of adding the strain JTA1 culture,the methane consumption of aged refuse reached 115mL,almost two times of control experiment.In addition,high tolerance of Methylocystis strain JTA1 to chloroform could facilitate the methane oxidation of aged refuse bio-covers.At the chloroform concentration of 50mg/L,the methane-oxidation rate of bio-cover reached 0.114mL/(day·g),much higher than the highest rate,0.0135mL/(day·g),of reported bio-covers.In conclusion,strain JTA1 opens up a new possibility for environmental biotechnology,such as soil or landfills bioremediation and wastewater decontamination. | Tiantao Zhao Lijie Zhang Yunru Zhang Zhilin Xing Xuya Peng | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013，25，4： | 7 |
| 13 | Edaravone rescues the lung by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a rat model显示文摘Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients and cause significant mortality.1 Effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on alveolar epithelial cells are involved in the pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS.ROS can provoke DNA damage,lipid peroxidation,and activation of various genes coding for proteins involved in inflammation and cell damage. | Wu Zhouyang Ming Yu Zhang Zhao Wu Jing Wu Zhilin Yao Shanglong | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，5： | 7 |
| 14 | Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide SS-31 mediates neuroprotection in a rat experimental glaucoma model显示文摘To investigate the neuroprotective effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Szeto-Schiller peptide 31 (SS-31) in a rat experimental glaucoma model, SS-31 was intraperitoneally (IP) injected into Sprague-Dawley rats, followed by intracameral injection of polystyrene microspheres to induce elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). After 6 weeks, electroretinography (ERG) and flash visual-evoked potentials (F-VEPs) were recorded to assess retinal function. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed on retinal cross-sections to measure ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness. Apoptotic retinal cells were assessed by TUNEL staining. Brn3a-positive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were counted in retinal flat mounts via immunofluorescence. The retinal total SOD, SOD2, and MDA expression levels were assessed in retinal tissue homogenates. The cyt c, Baxz and Bcl-2 protein levels in rat retinas were detected by western blot analysis. Bax and Bcl-2 expressions were also evaluated using immunohistochemistry in paraffinized sections. Our results showed that the rats that received microsphere injection developed elevated IOP. SS-31 ameliorated the reductions in the a- and b-wave amplitudes on ERG and the F-VEP amplitude in glaucomatous eyes. GCC thickness was preserved, TUNEL-positive cells were decreased in the retina, and Brn3a-positive RGCs were in creased in the SS-31-treated glaucoma group compared with those in the non-treated glaucoma group. SS-31 significantly reduced MDA levels and increased SOD2 levels after glaucoma induction. Significant suppression of cyt c release, upregulation of Bcl-2, and downregulation of Bax were observed following SS-31 administration. In summary, SS-31 exerts neuroprotective effects in this experimental glaucoma model by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and therefore represents a promising therapeutic agent for glaucoma. | Xiaoqiong Wu Yu Pang Zhilin Zhang Xiabin Li Chao Wang Yingqing Lei Ailing Li Ling Yu Jian Ye | 2019 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2019，51，4： | 7 |
| 15 | Sedimentary and geochemical evidence of Eocene climate change in the Xining Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The northeastern Tibetan Plateau began to grow during the Eocene and it is important to understand the climatic history of Asia during this period of so-called ‘doubthouse' conditions. However, despite major advances in the last few decades,the evolutionary history and possible mechanisms of Eocene climate change in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau remain unclear.The Xining Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau contains a continuous sequence of Early to Late Eocene non-marine sediments which provides the opportunity to resolve long-term climate changes during this period. In this study, we report the results of analyses of lithofacies, sediment color and geochemistry of bulk samples collected from the Xijigou section of the Xining Basin. An abrupt lithofacies change between the Early(~52–40 Ma) and Late Eocene(~40–34 Ma) indicates a change in the depositional environment from a shallow lake to a playa lake in response to a significant climatic shift. During ~52–40 Ma,higher values of sediment redness(a*), redness/lightness(a*/L*) and higher modified Chemical Index of Weathering(CIW′)indicate a relatively warm and humid climate, while from ~40–34 Ma the lower values of a*, a*/L*and lower CIW′ imply subhumid to semi-arid climatic conditions. The paleoclimatic records indicate a long-term(~52–34 Ma) trend of decreasing chemical weathering, consistent with global climate change. An abrupt sharp excursion of the proxy records during ~42–40 Ma suggests a relatively brief warm interval, corresponding to the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum(MECO). We suggest that global cooling substantially reduced humidity in inner Asia, resulting in sub-humid to semi-arid climatic conditions after 40 Ma in the Xining Basin, which may have been responsible for the long-term trend of decreasing chemical weathering during the Eocene. | Abu Sadat Md SAYEM Zhengtang GUO Haibin WU Chunxia ZHANG Fan YANG Guoqiao XIAO Zhilin HE | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，9： | 6 |
| 16 | Bright Blue Emission From a New Species of Polymer Diode显示文摘Blue emitting electroluminescent diode using PVCz doped with perylene and BBOT as electron transport has been constructed.The emission spectrum is a mixture of spectra of BBOT and perylene.A luminance of as high as 680cd/m^(2)with lumen efficiency more then 0.0281m/W have been obtained. | ZHANG Zhilin JIANG Xueyin XU Shaohong S.Saito T.Nagamoto | 1995 | Chinese Physics Letters1995，12，1： | 5 |
| 17 | CO_2 adsorption performance of different amine-based siliceous MCM-41 materials显示文摘A series of amine-based adsorbents were synthesized using siliceous MCM-41 individually impregnated with four different amines(ethylenediamine(EDA),diethylenetriamine(DETA),tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA) and pentaethylenehexamine(PEHA)) to study the effect of amine chain length and loading weight on their CO2 adsorption performances in detail.The adsorbents were characterized by FT-IR,elemental analysis,and thermo-gravimetric analysis to confirm their structure properties.Thermo-gravimetric analysis was also used to evaluate the CO2 adsorption performance of adsorbents.Longer chain amine-based materials can achieve higher amine loadings and show better thermal stability.The CO2 adsorption capacities at different temperatures indicate that the CO2 adsorption is thermodynamically controlled over EDAMCM41 and DETA-MCM41,while the adsorption over TEPA-MCM41 and PEHA-MCM41 is under kinetic control at low temperature.The chain length of amines affects the CO2 adsorption performance and the adsorption mechanism significantly.The results also indicate that CO2 adsorption capacity can be enhanced despite of high operation temperatures,if appropriate amines(TEPA and PEHA) are applied.However,adsorbents with short chain amine exhibit higher adsorption and desorption rates due to the collaborative effect of rapid reaction mechanisms of primary amines and less diffusion resistance of shorter chain length amines. | Zhilin Liu Yang Teng Kai Zhang Honggang Chen Yongping Yang | 2015 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2015，24，3： | 5 |
| 18 | Differential efficiencies to neutralize the novel mutants B.1.1.7 and 501Y.V2 by collected sera from convalescent COVID-19 patients and RBD nanoparticle-vaccinated rhesus macaques显示文摘New strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)with several dominant mutations in the spike protein have been identified recently,and crucial issues associated with the possible reinfection of recovered patients and the efficiencies of vaccines designed based on epidemic strains in early 2020. | Rong Li Xiancai Ma Jieyi Deng Qier Chen Weiwei Liu Zhilin Peng Yidan Qiao Yingtong Lin Xin He Hui Zhang | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，4： | 4 |
| 19 | On the applicability of Kirchoff's law and the principle of heat balance in thermal infrared remote sensing:A non-isothermal system显示文摘This paper proposes a basic equation of thermal radiation interaction between surface objects on the basis of the principle of heat balance in the interface. The solution of this equation takes account of the contribution of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux more completely, compared with traditional solution for surface cooling and heating processes. By the aid of the experimental data conducted in the Xiaotangshan experimental site, Beijing, both the non-applicability of Kirchoff's law and the measurability of surface emissivity in a non-isothermal system have been highlighted. Two methods called ventilation and time-delay compensations have been proposed to reduce the error induced by change of surface temperatures of non-isothermal objects during the measurement of emissivity. Based on the solution of the basic equation, this paper has analyzed and pointed out the misunderstanding in comprehension and application of Kirchoff's law published in literature. | ZHANG Renhua, LI Zhaoliang, SUN Xiaomin, ZHU Zhilin & WANG Weimin Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China LSIIT (CNRS UMR7005), Bld Sebastien Brant, BP.10413, 67412 Illkirch, France | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，1： | 4 |
| 20 | Dynamic blood single-cell immune responses in patients with COVID-19显示文摘The 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-19)outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is an ongoing global health emergency.However,the virus'pathogenesis remains unclear,and there is no cure for the disease.We investigated the dynamic changes of blood immune response in patients with COVID-19 at different stages by using 5'gene expression,T cell receptor(TCR),and B cell receptors(BCR)V(D)J transcriptome analysis at a single-cell resolution.We obtained single-cell mRNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data of 341,420 peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and 185,430 donotypic T cells and 28,802 donotypic B cells from 25 samples of 16 patients with COVID-19 for dynamic studies.In addition,we used three control samples.We found expansion of dendritic cells(DCs),CD14+monocytes,and megakaryocytes progenitor cells(MP)/platelets and a reduction of naive CD4+T lymphocytes in patients with COVID-19,along with a significant decrease of CD8+T lymphocytes,and natural killer cells(NKs)in patients in critical condition.The type I interferon(IFN-I),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and ferroptosis pathways were activated while the disease was active,and recovered gradually after patient conditions improved.Consistent with this finding,the mRNA level of IFN-I signal-induced gene IFI27 was significantly increased in patients with COVID-19 compared with that of the controls in a validation cohort that included 38 patients and 35 controls.The concentration of interferon-a(IFN-a)in the serum of patients with COVID-19 increased significantly compared with that of the controls in an additional cohort of 215 patients with COVID-19 and 106 controls,further suggesting the important role of the IFN-I pathway in the immune response of COVID-19.TCR and BCR sequences analyses indicated that patients with COVID-19 developed specific immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 antigens.Our study reveals a dynamic landscape of human blood immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection,providing clues for therapeutic potentials in treating COVID-19. | Lulin Huang Yi Shi Bo Gong Li Jiang Zhixin Zhang Xiaoqi Liu Jialiang Yang Yongquan He Zhilin Jiang Ling Zhong Juan Tang Chunfang You Qi Jiang Bo Long Tao Zeng Mei Luo Fanwei Zeng Fanxin Zeng Shuqiang Wang Xingxiang Yang Zhenglin Yang | 2021 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2021，6，4： | 4 |
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