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| 1 | China land soil moisture EnKF data assimilation based on satellite remote sensing data显示文摘Soil moisture plays an important role in land-atmosphere interactions. It is an important geophysical parameter in research on climate, hydrology, agriculture, and forestry. Soil moisture has important climatic effects by influencing ground evapotranspi ration, runoff, surface reflectivity, surface emissivity, surface sensible heat and latent heat flux. At the global scale, the extent of its influence on the atmosphere is second only to that of sea surface temperature. At the terrestrial scale, its influence is even greater than that of sea surface temperatures. This paper presents a China Land Soil Moisture Data Assimilation System (CLSMDAS) based on EnKF and land process models, and results of the application of this system in the China Land Soil Moisture Data Assimilation tests. CLSMDAS is comprised of the following components: 1) A land process mo del—Community Land Model Version 3.0 (CLM3.0)—developed by the US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); 2) Precipitation of atmospheric forcing data and surface-incident solar radiation data come from hourly outputs of the FY2 geostationary meteorological satellite; 3) EnKF (Ensemble Kalman Filter) land data assimilation method; and 4) Observa tion data including satellite-inverted soil moisture outputs of the AMSR-E satellite and soil moisture observation data. Results of soil moisture assimilation tests from June to September 2006 were analyzed with CLSMDAS. Both simulation and assimila tion results of the land model reflected reasonably the temporal-spatial distribution of soil moisture. The assimilated soil mois ture distribution matches very well with severe summer droughts in Chongqing and Sichuan Province in August 2006, the worst since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. It also matches drought regions that occurred in eastern Hubei and southern Guangxi in September. | SHI ChunXiang XIE ZhengHui QIAN Hui LIANG MiaoLing YANG XiaoChun | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，9： | 62 |
| 2 | A model for assessing effects of climate change on runoff in China显示文摘A model is established for assessing the effects of climate change on runoff in China based on the land surface parameterization scheme variable infiltration capacity (VIC). The entire area of China is represented by 2604 cells with a resolution of 60 km×60 km for each cell. Forcing data, soil and vegetation parameters needed by the VIC model for the entire area of China are prepared. Daily forcing data, which are obtained from 740 stations between 1980 and 1990, are interpolated to the 60 km×60 km grid system. The VIC model is run on every grid cell over the whole China, and a routing scheme is run offline with daily input of surface runoff and drainage from the VIC to get hydrograph at basin outlets. The spatial patterns of simulated runoff and mean annual precipitation are consistent very well. The results of monthly streamflow simulations over the Huaihe and Weihe River basins indicate that there is a good agreement between the observed and simulated values, and also initially indicate the rationality and feasibility of the evaluation model. | SU Fengge and XIE Zhenghui(LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China) | 2003 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2003，13，9： | 22 |
| 3 | Tectonically deformed coal types and pore structures in Puhe and Shanchahe coal mines in western Guizhou显示文摘To evaluate the effect of tectonic deformation on coal reservoir properties, we provide an analysis of the types of tectonically deformed coal, macroand microscopic deformation and discuss pore structural characteristics and connectivity based on samples from the Puhe and Shanchahe coal mines. Our research shows that the tectonically deformed coal mostly includes cataclastic structural coal, mortar structural coal and schistose structural coal of a brittle deformation series. The major pore structures of different types of tectonically deformed coal are transitional pores and micropores. The pore volumes of macropores and visible fracture pores produced by structural deformations vary over a large range and increase with the intensity of tectonic deformation. Mesopores as connecting passages develop well in schistose structural coal. According to the shapes of intrusive mercury curves, tectonically deformed coal can be divided into parallel, open and occluded types. The parallel type has poor connectivity and is relatively closed; the open type reflects uniformly developed open pores with good connectivity while the occluded type is good for coalbed methane enrichment, but has poor connectivity between pores. | Li Ming Jiang Bo Lin Shoufa Wang Jilin Ji Mingjun Qu Zhenghui | 2011 | Mining Science and Technology2011，21，3： | 19 |
| 4 | Performance analysis and comparison of PoW,PoS and DAG based blockchains显示文摘In the blockchain,the consensus mechanism plays a key role in maintaining the security and legitimation of contents recorded in the blocks.Various blockchain consensus mechanisms have been proposed.However,there is no technical analysis and comparison as a guideline to determine which type of consensus mechanism should be adopted in a specific scenario/application.To this end,this work investigates three mainstream consensus mechanisms in the blockchain,namely,Proof of Work(PoW),Proof of Stake(PoS),and Direct Acyclic Graph(DAG),and identifies their performances in terms of the average time to generate a new block,the confirmation delay,the Transaction Per Second(TPS)and the confirmation failure probability.The results show that the consensus process is affected by both network resource(computation power/coin age,buffer size)and network load conditions.In addition,it shows that PoW and PoS are more sensitive to the change of network resource while DAG is more sensitive to network load conditions. | Bin Cao Zhenghui Zhang Daquan Feng Shengli Zhang Lei Zhang Mugen Peng Yun Li | 2020 | Digital Communications and Networks2020，6，4： | 15 |
| 5 | Effects of culm carbohydrate partitioning on basal stem strength in a high-yielding rice population显示文摘Rice culm carbohydrate transport can simultaneously affect grain filling and stem lodging resistance by regulating non-structural carbohydrate(NSC) and structural carbohydrate(SC) contents. However, the relationship between carbohydrate transposition and culm strength is not well documented. Accordingly, a high-yielding hybrid rice cultivar(Y Liangyou 2) was tested under different N fertilization regimes at two locations, Taoyuan(a special high-yield eco-site), Yunnan province and Danyang(a representative eco-site of the middle and lower Yangtze), Jiangsu province, China. Significantly higher grain yield and basal stem strength were found at Taoyuan than Danyang under all N rates throughout the two-year experiment. At heading stage, soluble sugars, starch, cellulose and lignin contents of the basal culm at Taoyuan were significantly 132.0%, 73.7%, 1.2%, and 62.7% higher than those at Danyang, respectively. At 20 days after heading, soluble sugars and starch content at Taoyuan decreased significantly compared to Danyang, but lignin content remained higher. Culm carbohydrate transport to kernels at Taoyuan was significantly greater than that at Danyang, and the proportion of soluble sugars and starch was correspondingly 62.9%lower. However, the proportion of lignin and cellulose was 22.7% higher at Taoyuan than that at Danyang. Soluble sugars and starch partitioning were significantly reduced under an increased nitrogen application rate, but SC partitioning was little affected. There were significant positive correlations between basal culm bending stress and dry weight and cellulose and lignin proportions at both locations under all N rates, suggesting that the higher SC proportion at 20 days after heading was primarily responsible for culm strength.These results suggest that high-yielding rice populations with greater culm strength require both moderate NSC transport and greater SC accumulation. | Jun Zhang Ganghua Li Qingyu Huang Zhenghui Liu Chengqiang Ding She Tang Lin Chen Shaohua Wang Yanfeng Ding Weijian Zhang | 2017 | The Crop Journal2017，5，6： | 13 |
| 6 | A new method to dynamically simulate groundwater table in land surface model VIC显示文摘Soil moisture plays an important role in water and energy balance in land-atmospheric interaction, but is impacted directly by the groundwater table. Dynamic variation of the groundwater table can be described mathematically by a moving boundary problem. In this paper, the moving boundary problem is reduced to a fixed boundary problem through a coordinate transformation. A new model of groundwater table simulation is developed using the mass-lumped finite element method and is coupled with the land surface model of Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC). The simulation results show that the new model not only can simulate the groundwater table dynamically, but also can evade the choice of water table depth scale in computation with a low computation cost. | YANG Hongwei* and XIE Zhenghui(LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China) | 2003 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2003，13，11： | 12 |
| 7 | A land surface soil moisture data assimilation framework in consideration of the model subgrid-scale heterogeneity and soil water thawing and freezing显示文摘The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is well known and widely used in land data assimilation for its high precision and simple operation. The land surface models used as the forecast operator in a land data assimilation system are usually designed to consider the model subgrid-heterogeneity and soil water thawing and freezing. To neglect their effects could lead to some errors in soil moisture assimilation. The dual EnKF method is employed in soil moisture data assimilation to build a soil moisture data as- similation framework based on the NCAR Community Land Model version 2.0 (CLM 2.0) in considera- tion of the effects of the model subgrid-heterogeneity and soil water thawing and freezing: Liquid volumetric soil moisture content in a given fraction is assimilated through the state filter process, while solid volumetric soil moisture content in the same fraction and solid/liquid volumetric soil moisture in the other fractions are optimized by the parameter filter. Preliminary experiments show that this dual EnKF-based assimilation framework can assimilate soil moisture more effectively and precisely than the usual EnKF-based assimilation framework without considering the model subgrid-scale heteroge- neity and soil water thawing and freezing. With the improvement of soil moisture simulation, the soil temperature-simulated precision can be also improved to some extent. | TIAN XiangJun XIE ZhengHui | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，7： | 11 |
| 8 | Methane emissions from rice fields under continuous straw return in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River显示文摘A three-year experiment was conducted in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China to study the influence of continuous wheat straw return during the rice season and continuous rice straw return in wheat on methane (CH 4 ) emissions from rice fields in which, the rice-wheat rotation system is the most dominant planting pattern. The field experiment was initiated in October 2009 and has continued since the wheat-growing season of that year. The analyses for the present study were conducted in the second (2011) and third (2012) rice growing seasons. Four treatments, namely, the continuous return of wheat straw and rice straw in every season (WR), of rice straw but no wheat straw return (R), of wheat straw but no rice straw return (W) and a control with no straw return (CK), were laid out in a randomized split-plot design. The total seasonal CH 4 emissions ranged from 107.4 to 491.7 kg/ha (2011) and 160.3 to 909.6 kg/ha (2012). The increase in CH 4 emissions for treatments WR and W were 289% and 230% in the second year and 185% and 225% in the third year, respectively, in relation to CK. We observed less methane emissions in the treatment R than in CK by 14%-43%, but not statistically significant. Treatment R could increase rice productivity while no more CH 4 emission occurs. The difference in the total CH 4 emissions mainly related to a difference in the methane flux rate during the first 30-35 days after transplant in the rice growing season, which was caused by the amount of dissolved oxygen in paddy water and the amount of reducible soil materials. | Pengfu Hou Ganghua Li Shaohua Wang Xin Jin Yiming Yang Xiaoting Chen Chengqiang Ding Zhenghui Liu Yanfeng Ding | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013，25，9： | 10 |
| 9 | A soil moisture assimilation scheme based on the ensemble Kalman filter using microwave brightness temperature显示文摘This study presents a soil moisture assimilation scheme, which could assimilate microwave brightness temperature directly, based on the ensemble Kalman filter and the shuffled complex evolution method (SCE-UA). It uses the soil water model of the land surface model CLM3.0 as the forecast operator, and a radiative transfer model (RTM) as the observation operator in the assimilation system. The assimilation scheme is implemented in two phases: the parameter calibration phase and the pure soil moisture assimilation phase. The vegetation optical thickness and surface roughness parameters in the RTM are calibrated by SCE-UA method and the optimal parameters are used as the final model parameters of the observation operator in the assimilation phase. The ideal experiments with synthetic data indicate that this scheme could significantly improve the simulation of soil moisture at the surface layer. Further- more, the estimation of soil moisture in the deeper layers could also be improved to a certain extent. The real assimilation experiments with AMSR-E brightness temperature at 10.65 GHz (vertical polariza- tion) show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of soil moisture in the top layer (0―10 cm) by as- similation is 0.03355 m3·m-3, which is reduced by 33.6% compared with that by simulation (0.05052 m3·m-3). The mean RMSE by assimilation for the deeper layers (10―50 cm) is also reduced by 20.9%. All these experiments demonstrate the reasonability of the assimilation scheme developed in this study. | BingHao Jia ZhengHui Xie XiangJun Tian ChunXiang Shi | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，11： | 10 |
| 10 | Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of CO2Fluxes and Their Climate Controlling Factors for a Subtropical Forest in Ningxiang显示文摘In this study, the diurnal and seasonal variations of CO2 fluxes in a subtropical mixed evergreen forest in Ningxiang of Hunan Province, part of the East Asian monsoon region, were quantified for the first time. The fluxes were based on eddy covariance measurements from a newly initiated flux tower. The relationship between the CO2 fluxes and climate factors was also analyzed. The results showed that the target ecosystem appeared to be a clear carbon sink in 2013, with integrated net ecosystem CO2exchange(NEE), ecosystem respiration(RE), and gross ecosystem productivity(GEP) of-428.8, 1534.8 and1963.6 g C m-2yr-1, respectively. The net carbon uptake(i.e. the-NEE), RE and GEP showed obvious seasonal variability,and were lower in winter and under drought conditions and higher in the growing season. The minimum NEE occurred on12 June(-7.4 g C m-2d-1), due mainly to strong radiation, adequate moisture, and moderate temperature; while a very low net CO2 uptake occurred in August(9 g C m-2month-1), attributable to extreme summer drought. In addition, the NEE and GEP showed obvious diurnal variability that changed with the seasons. In winter, solar radiation and temperature were the main controlling factors for GEP, while the soil water content and vapor pressure deficit were the controlling factors in summer. Furthermore, the daytime NEE was mainly limited by the water-stress effect under dry and warm atmospheric conditions, rather than by the direct temperature-stress effect. | JIA Binghao XIE Zhenghui ZENG Yujin WANG Linying WANG Yuanyuan XIE Jinbo XIE Zhipeng | 2015 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2015，32，4： | 9 |
| 11 | Infiltrating lithium into carbon doth decorated with zinc oxide arrays for dendrite-free lithium metal anode显示文摘Lithium metal anode for batteries has attracted extensive attentions, but its application is restricted by the hazardous dendritic Li growth and dead Li formation. To address these issues, a novel Li anode is developed by infiltrating molten Li metal into conductive carbon cloth decorated with zinc oxide arrays. In carbonate-based electrolyte, the symmetric cell shows no short circuit over 1,500 h at 1 mA·cm^-2, and stable voltage profiles at 3 mA cm^-2 for ~ 300 h cycling. A low overpotential of ~ 243 mV over 350 cycles at a high current density of 10 mA·cm^-2 is achieved, compared to the seriously fluctuated voltage and fast short circuit in the cell using bare Li metal. Meanwhile, the asymmetric cell withstands 1,000 cycles at 10 C (1 C = 167 mAh·g^-1) compared to the 210 cycles for the cell using bare Li anode. The excellent performance is attributed to the well-regulated Li plating/stripping drive n from the formation of LiZn alloy on the wavy carb on fibers, resulting in the suppress!on of dendrite growth and pulverization of the Li electrode during cycling. | Xianshu Wang Zhenghui Pan Yang Wu Xiaoyu Ding Xujia Hong Guoguang Xu Meinan Liu Yuegang Zhang Weishan Li | 2019 | Nano Research2019，12，3： | 8 |
| 12 | Chinese Stroke Association guidelines for clinical management of cerebrovascular disorders: executive summary and 2019 update of clinical management of intracerebral haemorrhage显示文摘Aim This evidence-based guideline aims to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH).Methods A formal literature search was conducted on MEDLINE(1 January 1990 to 30 June 2019).Data were synthesised using evidence tables.The members of the working group met by teleconference to update and formulate data-based recommendations.The recommendations are graded according to levels of evidence grading algorithm of the Chinese Stroke Association.The guideline draft has been reviewed by Chinese Stroke Association Stroke Council Guideline Writing Committee.Results Evidence-based guideline is proposed for the management of patients with ICH.The focus of the guideline is divided into the diagnosis and aetiology of ICH,management of ICH in emergency department,surgical treatment for removal of hematoma,management of complications and prevention of secondary ICH.Conclusions This guideline provides a framework for ICH management.Early active and reasonable treatment may improve the clinical outcome of patients. | Yong Cao Songlin Yu Qian Zhang Tao Yu Yanfang Liu Zhenghui Sun Meng Zhao Wen Wang Ji Zong Zhao | 2020 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2020，5，4： | 8 |
| 13 | Lipoprotein metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),an escalating health problem worldwide,covers a spectrum of pathologies characterized by fatty accumulation in hepatocytes in early stages,with potential progression to liver inflammation,fibrosis,and failure.A close,yet poorly understood link exists between NAFLD and dyslipidemia,a constellation of abnormalities in plasma lipoproteins including triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins.Apolipoproteins are a group of primarily liver-derived proteins found in serum lipoproteins;they not only play an extracellular role in lipid transport between vital organs through circulation,but also play an important intracellular role in hepatic lipoprotein assembly and secretion.The liver functions as the central hub for lipoprotein metabolism,as it dictates lipoprotein production and to a significant extent modulates lipoprotein clearance.Lipoprotein metabolism is an integral component of hepatocellular lipid homeostasis and is implicated in the pathogenesis,potential diagnosis,and treatment of NAFLD. | Zhenghui Gordon Jiang Simon C. Robson Zemin Yao | 2013 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2013，27，1： | 8 |
| 14 | The Chinese carbon cycle data-assimilation system(Tan-Tracker)显示文摘In this study,the Chinese carbon cyle dataassimilation system Tan-Tracker is developed based on the atmospheric chemical transport model(GEOS-Chem)platform.Tan-Tracker is a dual-pass data-assimilation system in which both CO2concentrations and CO2fluxes are simultaneously assimilated from atmospheric observations.It has several advantages,including its advanced data-assimilation method,its highly efficient computing performance,and its simultaneous assimilation of CO2concentrations and CO2fluxes.Preliminary observing system simulation experiments demonstrate its robust performance with high assimilation precision,making full use of observations.The Tan-Tracker system can only assimilate in situ observations for the moment.In the future,we hope to extend Tan-Tracker with functions for using satellite measurements,which will form the quasioperational Chinese carbon cycle data-assimilation system. | Xiangjun Tian Zhenghui Xie Zhaonan Cai Yi Liu Yu Fu Huifang Zhang | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，14： | 7 |
| 15 | Controls on migration and aggregation for tectonically sensitive elements in tectonically deformed coal:An example from the Haizi mine, Huaibei coalfield, China显示文摘Tectonically deformed coal(TDC)develops because of the superimposed deformation and metamorphism of a coal seam by tectonic movements.The migration and accumulation of trace elements in TDC is largely in response to stress-strain conditions.To develop a law governing the migration and aggregation of sensitive elements and investigate the geological controls on TDC,coal samples from different deformation sequences were collected from the Haizi mine,in the Huaibei coalfield in Anhui Province,China,and the concentrations of 49 elements were determined by XRF and ICP-MS,and then microscopically analyzed.The results show that the distribution and morphology of minerals in coal is related to the deformation degree of TDC.The evolutionary process runs from orderly distribution of minerals in a weak brittle deformed coal to disordered distributions in ductile deformed coal.According to the elemental distribution characteristics in TDC,four types of element migration can be identified:stable,aggregate,declining,and undulate types,which are closely related to the deformation degree of TDC.Present data indicate that the overall distribution of rare earth elements(REE)does not change with metamorphism and deformation,but it shows obvious dynamic differentiation phenomena along with the deformation of TDC.Tectonic action after coal-formation,brittle or ductile deformation,and the metamorphic mechanism and its accompanying dynamic thermal effects are the main factors that influence the redistribution of elements in TDC.We conclude that tectonic movements provide the motivation and basis for the redistribution of elements and the paths and modes of element migration are controlled by brittle and ductile deformation metamorphic processes.The dynamic thermal effect has the most significant effect on coal metamorphism and tectonic-stress-accelerated element migration and accumulation.These factors then induce the tectonic-dynamic differentiation phenomenon of element migration. | LI YunBo JIANG Bo QU ZhengHui | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，6： | 7 |
| 16 | Current progress in developing metal oxide nanoarrays-based photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting显示文摘Solar energy driven photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting is a clean and powerful approach for renewable hydrogen production. The design and construction of metal oxide based nanoarray photoanodes is one of the promising strategies to make the continuous breakthroughs in solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency of PEC cells owing to their owned several advantages including enhanced reactive surface at the electrode/electrolyte interface, improved light absorption capability, increased charge separation efficiency and direct electron transport pathways. In this Review, we first introduce the structure,work principle and their relevant efficiency calculations of a PEC cell. We then give a summary of the state-of the-art research in the preparation strategies and growth mechanism for the metal oxide based nanoarrays, and some details about the performances of metal oxide based nanoarray photoanodes for PEC water splitting. Finally, we discuss key aspects which should be addressed in continued work on realizing high-efficiency metal oxide based nanoarray photoanodes for PEC solar water splitting systems. | Yongcai Qiu Zhenghui Pan Haining Chen Daiqi Ye Lin Guo Zhiyong Fan Shihe Yang | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，18： | 7 |
| 17 | Wall shear stress in intracranial aneurysms and adjacent arteries显示文摘Hemodynamic parameters play an important role in aneurysm formation and growth. However, it is difficult to directly observe a rapidly growing de novo aneurysm in a patient. To investigate possible associations between hemodynamic parameters and the formation and growth of intracranial aneurysms, the present study constructed a computational model of a case with an internal carotid artery aneurysm and an anterior communicating artery aneurysm, based on the CT angiography findings of a patient. To simulate the formation of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm and the growth of the internal carotid artery aneurysm, we then constructed a model that virtually removed the anterior communicating artery aneurysm, and a further two models that also progressively decreased the size of the internal carotid artery aneurysm. Computational simulations of the fluid dynamics of the four models were performed under pulsatile flow conditions, and wall shear stress was compared among the different models. In the three aneurysm growth models, increasing size of the aneurysm was associated with an increased area of low wall shear stress, a significant decrease in wall shear stress at the dome of the aneurysm, and a significant change in the wall shear stress of the parent artery. The wall shear stress of the anterior communicating artery remained low, and was significantly lower than the wall shear stress at the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery or the bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery. After formation of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm, the wall shear stress at the dome of the internal carotid artery aneurysm increased significantly, and the wall shear stress in the upstream arteries also changed significantly. These findings indicate that low wall shear stress may be associated with the initiation and growth of aneurysms, and that aneurysm formation and growth may influence hemodynamic parameters in the local and adjacent arteries. | Fuyu Wang Bainan Xu Zhenghui Sun Chen Wu Xiaojun Zhang | 2013 | Neural Regeneration Research2013，8，11： | 6 |
| 18 | Geochronology and geochemistry of mafic dykes in the Helanshan complex: Implications for Mesozoic tectonics in the North China Craton显示文摘The Helanshan tectonic belt(HTB) is a major tectonic divide between the Alxa and Ordos blocks in the North China Craton. The geochronology and petrogenesis of the mafic dykes in the northern HTB are keys to understanding the tectonic evolution of this belt. The mafic dykes, intruded into the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement, are mainly composed of diabase with a mineral assemblage of plagioclase(45%-60%), pyroxene(25%-35%), minor quartz and Fe-Ti oxides. The LA-ICPMS U-Pb analysis of zircon grains from representative dykes yield a weighted mean age of 206 ± 1.9 Ma, which represents the crystallization age of the dyke. The diabases show high contents of Fe_2 O_3~T(11.88-17.55 wt.%), low contents of SiO_2(45.65-50.95 wt.%) and MgO(3.31-5.50 wt.%) with low Mg#(=100×MgO/(MgO + FeO) atomic ration) of 33-44. They are characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements(LILEs)(e.g., Rb, Ba and Pb), and slight depletion of high field strength elements(HFSEs). These features suggest that the magma has undergone extensive fractionation of olivine and pyroxene but only minor crustal contamination during its evolution. Their high Sm contents and La/Sm ratios, and low Sm/Yb ratios indicate that magma from which the dykes formed was derived from low degree(about 5%) partial melting of an enriched garnet + spinel lherzolite mantle source. Together with regional geology, these geochemical and geochronological data suggest that the mafic dykes in the HTB were formed in an intracontinental extensional setting during the late Triassic. | Zhenghui Li Xiaoming Liu Yunpeng Dong M.Santosh Feifei Zhang Jie Xu | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，6： | 6 |
| 19 | Ensemble Simulation of Land Evapotranspiration in China Based on a Multi-Forcing and Multi-Model Approach显示文摘In order to reduce the uncertainty of offline land surface model(LSM) simulations of land evapotranspiration(ET), we used ensemble simulations based on three meteorological forcing datasets [Princeton, ITPCAS(Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Qian] and four LSMs(BATS, VIC, CLM3.0 and CLM3.5), to explore the trends and spatiotemporal characteristics of ET, as well as the spatiotemporal pattern of ET in response to climate factors over China's Mainland during 1982–2007. The results showed that various simulations of each member and their arithmetic mean(Ens Mean) could capture the spatial distribution and seasonal pattern of ET sufficiently well, where they exhibited more significant spatial and seasonal variation in the ET compared with observation-based ET estimates(Obs MTE). For the mean annual ET, we found that the BATS forced by Princeton forcing overestimated the annual mean ET compared with Obs MTE for most of the basins in China, whereas the VIC forced by Princeton forcing showed underestimations. By contrast, the Ens Mean was closer to Obs MTE, although the results were underestimated over Southeast China. Furthermore, both the Obs MTE and Ens Mean exhibited a significant increasing trend during 1982–98; whereas after 1998, when the last big EI Ni ?no event occurred, the Ens Mean tended to decrease significantly between 1999 and 2007, although the change was not significant for Obs MTE. Changes in air temperature and shortwave radiation played key roles in the long-term variation in ET over the humid area of China, but precipitation mainly controlled the long-term variation in ET in arid and semi-arid areas of China. | Jianguo LIU Binghao JIA Zhenghui XIE Chunxiang SHI | 2016 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2016，33，6： | 6 |
| 20 | High-Energy Batteries:Beyond Lithium-Ion and Their Long Road to Commercialisation显示文摘Rechargeable batteries of high energy density and overall performance are becoming a critically important technology in the rapidly changing society of the twenty-first century.While lithium-ion batteries have so far been the dominant choice,numerous emerging applications call for higher capacity,better safety and lower costs while maintaining sufficient cyclability.The design space for potentially better alternatives is extremely large,with numerous new chemistries and architectures being simultaneously explored.These include other insertion ions(e.g.sodium and numerous multivalent ions),conversion electrode materials(e.g.silicon,metallic anodes,halides and chalcogens)and aqueous and solid electrolytes.However,each of these potential“beyond lithium-ion”alternatives faces numerous challenges that often lead to very poor cyclability,especially at the commercial cell level,while lithium-ion batteries continue to improve in performance and decrease in cost.This review examines fundamental principles to rationalise these numerous developments,and in each case,a brief overview is given on the advantages,advances,remaining challenges preventing cell-level implementation and the state-of-the-art of the solutions to these challenges.Finally,research and development results obtained in academia are compared to emerging commercial examples,as a commentary on the current and near-future viability of these“beyond lithium-ion”alternatives. | Yulin Gao Zhenghui Pan Jianguo Sun Zhaolin Liu John Wang | 2022 | Nano-Micro Letters2022，14，6： | 5 |
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